Apacheは外部からアクセスできません

Question

Apache2、mssql、php5がプリインストールされたUbuntuサーバーがあります。 vTiger CRMをインストールすると、ローカルホストと内部IPで利用できます。

しかし、外部IPを使用してアクセスすることはできません。ルーターのすべての設定を確認しましたが、問題ないようです。

これは私のnetstat -ntlp | grep LISTEN

(No info could be read for "-p": geteuid()=1000 but you should be root.)
tcp        0      0 10.1.0.4:16001          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN            
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:3306          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:29131         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN 

ifconfig

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0d:3a:b3:0e:a1  
          inet addr:10.1.0.4  Bcast:10.1.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20d:3aff:feb3:ea1/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:15216 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:16493 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:10379793 (10.3 MB)  TX bytes:7676670 (7.6 MB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:1414 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:1414 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:208812 (208.8 KB)  TX bytes:208812 (208.8 KB)

Apache2 ports.conf

Listen 80

<IfModule ssl_module>
    Listen 443
</IfModule>

<IfModule mod_gnutls.c>
    Listen 443
</IfModule>

tcpdump -i eth0 port 8

19:08:55.678954 IP 10.1.0.4.36536 > 168.63.129.16.http: Flags [.], ack 1, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 27278000 ecr 783042300], length 0
19:08:55.679007 IP 10.1.0.4.36536 > 168.63.129.16.http: Flags [P.], seq 1:204, ack 1, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 27278000 ecr 783042300], length 203
19:08:55.729432 IP 168.63.129.16.http > 10.1.0.4.36536: Flags [.], ack 204, win 513, options [nop,nop,TS val 783042305 ecr 27278000], length 0
19:08:55.729458 IP 10.1.0.4.36536 > 168.63.129.16.http: Flags [P.], seq 204:646, ack 1, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 27278013 ecr 783042305], length 442
19:08:55.731846 IP 168.63.129.16.http > 10.1.0.4.36536: Flags [P.], seq 1:188, ack 646, win 511, options [nop,nop,TS val 783042305 ecr 27278013], length 187
19:08:55.731878 IP 10.1.0.4.36536 > 168.63.129.16.http: Flags [.], ack 188, win 237, options [nop,nop,TS val 27278013 ecr 783042305], length 0
19:08:55.732685 IP 10.1.0.4.36536 > 168.63.129.16.http: Flags [F.], seq 646, ack 188, win 237, options [nop,nop,TS val 27278014 ecr 783042305], length 0
19:08:55.733574 IP 168.63.129.16.http > 10.1.0.4.36536: Flags [F.], seq 188, ack 647, win 511, options [nop,nop,TS val 783042306 ecr 27278014], length 0
19:08:55.733587 IP 10.1.0.4.36536 > 168.63.129.16.http: Flags [.], ack 189, win 237, options [nop,nop,TS val 27278014 ecr 783042306], length 0
19:09:20.850089 IP 10.1.0.4.36545 > 168.63.129.16.http: Flags [S], seq 718277970, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 27284293 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
19:09:20.850513 IP 168.63.129.16.http > 10.1.0.4.36545: Flags [S.], seq 228035263, ack 718277971, win 8192, options [mss 1460,nop,wscale 8,sackOK,TS val 783044817 ecr 27284293], length 0

cat /etc/Apache2/sites-available/vtiger.stuffex.com.ua.conf

<VirtualHost *:443>
  ServerAdmin [email protected]
  DocumentRoot /var/www/html/vtiger.stuffex.com.ua/
  ServerName vtiger.stuffex.com.ua
  ServerAlias www.vtiger.stuffex.com.ua
  SSLEngine on
  SSLCertificateFile /etc/Apache2/ssl/server.crt
  SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/Apache2/ssl/server.key
  <Directory /var/www/html/vtiger.stuffex.com.ua/>
    Options FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride All
  </Directory>
  ErrorLog /var/log/Apache2/vtiger.stuffex.com.ua-error_log
  CustomLog /var/log/Apache2/vtiger.status.com.ua-access_log common
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
   ServerName vtiger.stuffex.com.ua
   Redirect permanent / https://vtiger.stuffex.com.ua/
</VirtualHost>

httpd.conf

# This is the main Apache server configuration file.  It contains the
# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.
# See http://httpd.Apache.org/docs/2.4/ for detailed information about
# the directives and /usr/share/doc/Apache2/README.Debian about Debian specific
# hints.
#
#
# Summary of how the Apache 2 configuration works in Debian:
# The Apache 2 web server configuration in Debian is quite different to
# upstream's suggested way to configure the web server. This is because Debian's
# default Apache2 installation attempts to make adding and removing modules,
# virtual hosts, and extra configuration directives as flexible as possible, in
# order to make automating the changes and administering the server as easy as
# possible.

# It is split into several files forming the configuration hierarchy outlined
# below, all located in the /etc/Apache2/ directory:
#
#   /etc/Apache2/
#   |-- Apache2.conf
#   |   `--  ports.conf
#   |-- mods-enabled
#   |   |-- *.load
#   |   `-- *.conf
#   |-- conf-enabled
#   |   `-- *.conf
#   `-- sites-enabled
#       `-- *.conf
#
#
# * Apache2.conf is the main configuration file (this file). It puts the pieces
#   together by including all remaining configuration files when starting up the
#   web server.
#
# * ports.conf is always included from the main configuration file. It is
#   supposed to determine listening ports for incoming connections which can be
#   customized anytime.
#
# * Configuration files in the mods-enabled/, conf-enabled/ and sites-enabled/
#   directories contain particular configuration snippets which manage modules,
#   global configuration fragments, or virtual Host configurations,
#   respectively.
#
#   They are activated by symlinking available configuration files from their
#   respective *-available/ counterparts. These should be managed by using our
#   helpers a2enmod/a2dismod, a2ensite/a2dissite and a2enconf/a2disconf. See
#   their respective man pages for detailed information.
#
# * The binary is called Apache2. Due to the use of environment variables, in
#   the default configuration, Apache2 needs to be started/stopped with
#   /etc/init.d/Apache2 or Apache2ctl. Calling /usr/bin/Apache2 directly will not
#   work with the default configuration.


# Global configuration
#

#
# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's
# configuration, error, and log files are kept.
#
# NOTE!  If you intend to place this on an NFS (or otherwise network)
# mounted filesystem then please read the Mutex documentation (available
# at <URL:http://httpd.Apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#mutex>);
# you will save yourself a lot of trouble.
#
# Do NOT add a slash at the end of the directory path.
#
#ServerRoot "/etc/Apache2"

#
# The accept serialization lock file MUST BE STORED ON A LOCAL DISK.
#
Mutex file:${Apache_LOCK_DIR} default

#
# PidFile: The file in which the server should record its process
# identification number when it starts.
# This needs to be set in /etc/Apache2/envvars
#
PidFile ${Apache_PID_FILE}

#
# Timeout: The number of seconds before receives and sends time out.
#
Timeout 300

#
# KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections (more than
# one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate.
#
KeepAlive On

#
# MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow
# during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount.
# We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance.
#
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100

#
# KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request from the
# same client on the same connection.
#
KeepAliveTimeout 5


# These need to be set in /etc/Apache2/envvars
User ${Apache_RUN_USER}
Group ${Apache_RUN_GROUP}

#
# HostnameLookups: Log the names of clients or just their IP addresses
# e.g., www.Apache.org (on) or 204.62.129.132 (off).
# The default is off because it'd be overall better for the net if people
# had to knowingly turn this feature on, since enabling it means that
# each client request will result in AT LEAST one lookup request to the
# nameserver.
#
HostnameLookups Off

# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>
# container, error messages relating to that virtual Host will be
# logged here.  If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>
# container, that Host's errors will be logged there and not here.
#
ErrorLog ${Apache_LOG_DIR}/error.log

#
# LogLevel: Control the severity of messages logged to the error_log.
# Available values: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
# error, crit, alert, emerg.
# It is also possible to configure the log level for particular modules, e.g.
# "LogLevel info ssl:warn"
#
LogLevel warn

# Include module configuration:
IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.load
IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.conf

# Include list of ports to listen on
Include ports.conf


# Sets the default security model of the Apache2 HTTPD server. It does
# not allow access to the root filesystem outside of /usr/share and /var/www.
# The former is used by web applications packaged in Debian,
# the latter may be used for local directories served by the web server. If
# your system is serving content from a sub-directory in /srv you must allow
# access here, or in any related virtual Host.
<Directory />
    Options FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None
    Require all denied
</Directory>

<Directory /usr/share>
    AllowOverride None
    Require all granted
</Directory>

<Directory /var/www/>
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None
    Require all granted
</Directory>

#<Directory /srv/>
#   Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
#   AllowOverride None
#   Require all granted
#</Directory>




# AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory
# for additional configuration directives.  See also the AllowOverride
# directive.
#
AccessFileName .htaccess

#
# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being
# viewed by Web clients.
#
<FilesMatch "^\.ht">
    Require all denied
</FilesMatch>


#
# The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
# a CustomLog directive.
#
# These deviate from the Common Log Format definitions in that they use %O
# (the actual bytes sent including headers) instead of %b (the size of the
# requested file), because the latter makes it impossible to detect partial
# requests.
#
# Note that the use of %{X-Forwarded-For}i instead of %h is not recommended.
# Use mod_remoteip instead.
#
LogFormat "%v:%p %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" vhost_combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common
LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer
LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent

# Include of directories ignores editors' and dpkg's backup files,
# see README.Debian for details.

# Include generic snippets of statements
IncludeOptional conf-enabled/*.conf

# Include the virtual Host configurations:
IncludeOptional sites-enabled/*.conf

# vim: syntax=Apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet

何が間違っていますか？

Answer 1

仮想ホストを名前ベースに変更することをお勧めします：

• IPアドレスを*：443に置き換え、SSL証明書を追加します
• サーバー名をエイリアスからwwwを引いたものに設定します。
• httpsにのみリダイレクトするhttpの2番目の仮想ホストを追加します

これにより、ローカルネットワークおよび外部からvtigerを使用できるようになり、httpsを介したセキュリティが追加されます。

では、現在の設定が機能しなかった理由を見てみましょう。

• tcpdumpは、2つのIPアドレス_10.1.0.4_と_168.63.129.16_を示します-後者は外部IPアドレスのようですが、最初は内部IPアドレスです（そうですか？）
• vhostは、httpdに_52.178.222.227_を対象とするリクエストにのみ応答するように指示します
• ほとんどの場合、すべてのロギングは/var/log/Apache2/(access|error)?logに送られました

Httpdは、リクエストに適した仮想ホストを見つけることができず（おそらくデフォルトを削除しましたか？）、すべてのリクエストを拒否しました。