Ubuntu 16.04グラフィックがIntelグラフィックでクラッシュする
ラップトップをUbuntu 16.04に更新したところ、次の問題が発生しました。ランダムな瞬間（ただし、ウィンドウを開くなどのグラフィックスアクティビティが進行しているとき）に、ディスプレイが文字化けし、コンピューターがフリーズします。唯一できることは、強制的に電源を切ることです。もちろん、カーネルログエントリが失われている可能性があります。
これについて何ができますか？ dmesg（ブート後）は、グラフィックスに関連するいくつかの不気味なスタックトレースをリストします。
[ 2.220658] [drm] initialized overlay support
[ 2.220751] [drm] Initialized i915 1.6.0 20151010 for 0000:00:02.0 on minor 0
[ 2.240350] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 2.240439] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 82 at /build/linux-Ay7j_C/linux-4.4.0/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c:1215
5 intel_atomic_check+0x2fd/0x6b0 [i915]()
[ 2.240443] WARN_ON(!connector_state->crtc)
[ 2.240446] Modules linked in:
[ 2.240449] ahci psmouse i915 firewire_ohci libahci b44 i2c_algo_bit pata_acpi drm_kms_helper ssb syscopyarea m
ii sysfillrect firewire_core sysimgblt fb_sys_fops crc_itu_t drm wmi fjes video
[ 2.240477] CPU: 0 PID: 82 Comm: kworker/u4:3 Not tainted 4.4.0-21-generic #37-Ubuntu
[ 2.240481] Hardware name: Hewlett-Packard HP Compaq nx7300 (RU460EA#ABH)/30A2, BIOS 68YGU Ver. F.0C 07/25/2007
[ 2.240489] Workqueue: events_unbound async_run_entry_fn
[ 2.240492] 0000000000000286 000000003c6593a8 ffff880035ae39a0 ffffffff813e93c3
[ 2.240498] ffff880035ae39e8 ffffffffc0215a50 ffff880035ae39d8 ffffffff81080f62
[ 2.240503] ffff880034e08800 ffff880034e0a800 ffff880034e08800 0000000000000000
[ 2.240508] Call Trace:
[ 2.240516] [<ffffffff813e93c3>] dump_stack+0x63/0x90
[ 2.240522] [<ffffffff81080f62>] warn_slowpath_common+0x82/0xc0
[ 2.240526] [<ffffffff81080ffc>] warn_slowpath_fmt+0x5c/0x80
[ 2.240569] [<ffffffffc0045f9d>] ? drm_atomic_add_affected_planes+0x7d/0xd0 [drm]
[ 2.240628] [<ffffffffc01b356d>] intel_atomic_check+0x2fd/0x6b0 [i915]
[ 2.240657] [<ffffffffc004680e>] drm_atomic_check_only+0x18e/0x590 [drm]
[ 2.240686] [<ffffffffc0046cfd>] ? drm_atomic_set_fb_for_plane+0x2d/0x90 [drm]
[ 2.240715] [<ffffffffc0046c27>] drm_atomic_commit+0x17/0x60 [drm]
[ 2.240773] [<ffffffffc01b71e5>] intel_get_load_detect_pipe+0x3d5/0x530 [i915]
[ 2.240833] [<ffffffffc01f08ed>] intel_tv_detect+0x13d/0x5f0 [i915]
[ 2.240861] [<ffffffffc00412de>] ? drm_get_edid+0x3e/0x3f0 [drm]
[ 2.240884] [<ffffffffc00d9da5>] drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes_merge_bits+0x235/0x4d0 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.240896] [<ffffffffc00da053>] drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes+0x13/0x20 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.240910] [<ffffffffc00e691e>] drm_fb_helper_initial_config+0xae/0x420 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.240967] [<ffffffffc01c74bb>] intel_fbdev_initial_config+0x1b/0x20 [i915]
[ 2.240972] [<ffffffff810a2f28>] async_run_entry_fn+0x48/0x150
[ 2.240977] [<ffffffff81099ff2>] process_one_work+0x162/0x480
[ 2.240981] [<ffffffff8109a35b>] worker_thread+0x4b/0x4c0
[ 2.240986] [<ffffffff8109a310>] ? process_one_work+0x480/0x480
[ 2.240990] [<ffffffff810a0528>] kthread+0xd8/0xf0
[ 2.240994] [<ffffffff810a0450>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
[ 2.241000] [<ffffffff8182488f>] ret_from_fork+0x3f/0x70
[ 2.241004] [<ffffffff810a0450>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
[ 2.241008] ---[ end trace 9c3f9641e06cab07 ]---
[ 2.241013] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 2.241072] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 82 at /build/linux-Ay7j_C/linux-4.4.0/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c:11693 intel_plane_atomic_calc_changes+0x567/0x6c0 [i915]()
[ 2.241075] WARN_ON(was_visible)
[ 2.241077] Modules linked in:
[ 2.241079] ahci psmouse i915 firewire_ohci libahci b44 i2c_algo_bit pata_acpi drm_kms_helper ssb syscopyarea mii sysfillrect firewire_core sysimgblt fb_sys_fops crc_itu_t drm wmi fjes video
[ 2.241103] CPU: 0 PID: 82 Comm: kworker/u4:3 Tainted: G W 4.4.0-21-generic #37-Ubuntu
[ 2.241106] Hardware name: Hewlett-Packard HP Compaq nx7300 (RU460EA#ABH)/30A2, BIOS 68YGU Ver. F.0C 07/25/2007
[ 2.241111] Workqueue: events_unbound async_run_entry_fn
[ 2.241114] 0000000000000286 000000003c6593a8 ffff880035ae3888 ffffffff813e93c3
[ 2.241119] ffff880035ae38d0 ffffffffc0215a50 ffff880035ae38c0 ffffffff81080f62
[ 2.241124] 0000000000000001 ffff8800356ed000 ffff880034da9540 ffff88003545f800
[ 2.241129] Call Trace:
[ 2.241133] [<ffffffff813e93c3>] dump_stack+0x63/0x90
[ 2.241137] [<ffffffff81080f62>] warn_slowpath_common+0x82/0xc0
[ 2.241141] [<ffffffff81080ffc>] warn_slowpath_fmt+0x5c/0x80
[ 2.241199] [<ffffffffc01b8e87>] intel_plane_atomic_calc_changes+0x567/0x6c0 [i915]
[ 2.241211] [<ffffffffc00da33b>] ? drm_plane_helper_check_update+0xdb/0x190 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.241268] [<ffffffffc01991d0>] intel_plane_atomic_check+0x140/0x1f0 [i915]
[ 2.241281] [<ffffffffc00e1a68>] drm_atomic_helper_check_planes+0x48/0x1c0 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.241339] [<ffffffffc01b3400>] intel_atomic_check+0x190/0x6b0 [i915]
[ 2.241367] [<ffffffffc004680e>] drm_atomic_check_only+0x18e/0x590 [drm]
[ 2.241396] [<ffffffffc0046cfd>] ? drm_atomic_set_fb_for_plane+0x2d/0x90 [drm]
[ 2.241425] [<ffffffffc0046c27>] drm_atomic_commit+0x17/0x60 [drm]
[ 2.241482] [<ffffffffc01b71e5>] intel_get_load_detect_pipe+0x3d5/0x530 [i915]
[ 2.241542] [<ffffffffc01f08ed>] intel_tv_detect+0x13d/0x5f0 [i915]
[ 2.241571] [<ffffffffc00412de>] ? drm_get_edid+0x3e/0x3f0 [drm]
[ 2.241583] [<ffffffffc00d9da5>] drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes_merge_bits+0x235/0x4d0 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.241595] [<ffffffffc00da053>] drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes+0x13/0x20 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.241608] [<ffffffffc00e691e>] drm_fb_helper_initial_config+0xae/0x420 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.241666] [<ffffffffc01c74bb>] intel_fbdev_initial_config+0x1b/0x20 [i915]
[ 2.241671] [<ffffffff810a2f28>] async_run_entry_fn+0x48/0x150
[ 2.241675] [<ffffffff81099ff2>] process_one_work+0x162/0x480
[ 2.241679] [<ffffffff8109a35b>] worker_thread+0x4b/0x4c0
[ 2.241683] [<ffffffff8109a310>] ? process_one_work+0x480/0x480
[ 2.241687] [<ffffffff810a0528>] kthread+0xd8/0xf0
[ 2.241691] [<ffffffff810a0450>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
[ 2.241695] [<ffffffff8182488f>] ret_from_fork+0x3f/0x70
[ 2.241699] [<ffffffff810a0450>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
[ 2.241702] ---[ end trace 9c3f9641e06cab08 ]---
[ 2.352069] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 2.352171] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 82 at /build/linux-Ay7j_C/linux-4.4.0/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c:12732 intel_modeset_check_state+0x563/0x8a0 [i915]()
[ 2.352176] encoder's enabled state mismatch (expected 0, found 1)
[ 2.352179] Modules linked in: ahci psmouse i915 firewire_ohci libahci b44 i2c_algo_bit pata_acpi drm_kms_helper ssb syscopyarea mii sysfillrect firewire_core sysimgblt fb_sys_fops crc_itu_t drm wmi fjes video
[ 2.352221] CPU: 0 PID: 82 Comm: kworker/u4:3 Tainted: G W 4.4.0-21-generic #37-Ubuntu
[ 2.352225] Hardware name: Hewlett-Packard HP Compaq nx7300 (RU460EA#ABH)/30A2, BIOS 68YGU Ver. F.0C 07/25/2007
[ 2.352235] Workqueue: events_unbound async_run_entry_fn
[ 2.352240] 0000000000000286 000000003c6593a8 ffff880035ae3960 ffffffff813e93c3
[ 2.352248] ffff880035ae39a8 ffffffffc0215a50 ffff880035ae3998 ffffffff81080f62
[ 2.352254] ffff880034e08b18 ffff880035589600 ffff880034e08b48 ffff880034e08b30
[ 2.352261] Call Trace:
[ 2.352272] [<ffffffff813e93c3>] dump_stack+0x63/0x90
[ 2.352279] [<ffffffff81080f62>] warn_slowpath_common+0x82/0xc0
[ 2.352285] [<ffffffff81080ffc>] warn_slowpath_fmt+0x5c/0x80
[ 2.352347] [<ffffffffc01ef9f7>] ? intel_tv_get_hw_state+0x27/0x50 [i915]
[ 2.352394] [<ffffffffc01a6433>] intel_modeset_check_state+0x563/0x8a0 [i915]
[ 2.352440] [<ffffffffc01b1bcb>] intel_atomic_commit+0x4bb/0x6f0 [i915]
[ 2.352472] [<ffffffffc0046c47>] drm_atomic_commit+0x37/0x60 [drm]
[ 2.352518] [<ffffffffc01b71e5>] intel_get_load_detect_pipe+0x3d5/0x530 [i915]
[ 2.352566] [<ffffffffc01f08ed>] intel_tv_detect+0x13d/0x5f0 [i915]
[ 2.352589] [<ffffffffc00412de>] ? drm_get_edid+0x3e/0x3f0 [drm]
[ 2.352606] [<ffffffffc00d9da5>] drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes_merge_bits+0x235/0x4d0 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.352615] [<ffffffffc00da053>] drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes+0x13/0x20 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.352626] [<ffffffffc00e691e>] drm_fb_helper_initial_config+0xae/0x420 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.352672] [<ffffffffc01c74bb>] intel_fbdev_initial_config+0x1b/0x20 [i915]
[ 2.352676] [<ffffffff810a2f28>] async_run_entry_fn+0x48/0x150
[ 2.352680] [<ffffffff81099ff2>] process_one_work+0x162/0x480
[ 2.352683] [<ffffffff8109a35b>] worker_thread+0x4b/0x4c0
[ 2.352687] [<ffffffff8109a310>] ? process_one_work+0x480/0x480
[ 2.352690] [<ffffffff810a0528>] kthread+0xd8/0xf0
[ 2.352693] [<ffffffff810a0450>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
[ 2.352698] [<ffffffff8182488f>] ret_from_fork+0x3f/0x70
[ 2.352701] [<ffffffff810a0450>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
[ 2.352704] ---[ end trace 9c3f9641e06cab09 ]---
[ 2.380278] firewire_core 0000:02:06.1: created device fw0: GUID 00023f9929c9140e, S400
[ 2.424067] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 2.424151] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 82 at /build/linux-Ay7j_C/linux-4.4.0/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c:12155 intel_atomic_check+0x2fd/0x6b0 [i915]()
[ 2.424156] WARN_ON(!connector_state->crtc)
[ 2.424159] Modules linked in:
[ 2.424163] ahci psmouse i915 firewire_ohci libahci b44 i2c_algo_bit pata_acpi drm_kms_helper ssb syscopyarea mii sysfillrect firewire_core sysimgblt fb_sys_fops crc_itu_t drm wmi fjes video
[ 2.424196] CPU: 0 PID: 82 Comm: kworker/u4:3 Tainted: G W 4.4.0-21-generic #37-Ubuntu
[ 2.424201] Hardware name: Hewlett-Packard HP Compaq nx7300 (RU460EA#ABH)/30A2, BIOS 68YGU Ver. F.0C 07/25/2007
[ 2.424208] Workqueue: events_unbound async_run_entry_fn
[ 2.424213] 0000000000000286 000000003c6593a8 ffff880035ae39e8 ffffffff813e93c3
[ 2.424220] ffff880035ae3a30 ffffffffc0215a50 ffff880035ae3a20 ffffffff81080f62
[ 2.424227] ffff880034e08800 ffff880034e0a800 ffff880034e08800 0000000000000000
[ 2.424234] Call Trace:
[ 2.424241] [<ffffffff813e93c3>] dump_stack+0x63/0x90
[ 2.424248] [<ffffffff81080f62>] warn_slowpath_common+0x82/0xc0
[ 2.424253] [<ffffffff81080ffc>] warn_slowpath_fmt+0x5c/0x80
[ 2.424261] [<ffffffff811eebf4>] ? __kmalloc_track_caller+0x1b4/0x250
[ 2.424330] [<ffffffffc01b356d>] intel_atomic_check+0x2fd/0x6b0 [i915]
[ 2.424356] [<ffffffffc004680e>] drm_atomic_check_only+0x18e/0x590 [drm]
[ 2.424380] [<ffffffffc0046cf0>] ? drm_atomic_set_fb_for_plane+0x20/0x90 [drm]
[ 2.424402] [<ffffffffc0046c27>] drm_atomic_commit+0x17/0x60 [drm]
[ 2.424449] [<ffffffffc01b7460>] intel_release_load_detect_pipe+0x120/0x160 [i915]
[ 2.424497] [<ffffffffc01f0aeb>] intel_tv_detect+0x33b/0x5f0 [i915]
[ 2.424508] [<ffffffffc00d9da5>] drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes_merge_bits+0x235/0x4d0 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.424517] [<ffffffffc00da053>] drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes+0x13/0x20 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.424528] [<ffffffffc00e691e>] drm_fb_helper_initial_config+0xae/0x420 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.424575] [<ffffffffc01c74bb>] intel_fbdev_initial_config+0x1b/0x20 [i915]
[ 2.424578] [<ffffffff810a2f28>] async_run_entry_fn+0x48/0x150
[ 2.424582] [<ffffffff81099ff2>] process_one_work+0x162/0x480
[ 2.424585] [<ffffffff8109a35b>] worker_thread+0x4b/0x4c0
[ 2.424588] [<ffffffff8109a310>] ? process_one_work+0x480/0x480
[ 2.424591] [<ffffffff810a0528>] kthread+0xd8/0xf0
[ 2.424595] [<ffffffff810a0450>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
[ 2.424599] [<ffffffff8182488f>] ret_from_fork+0x3f/0x70
[ 2.424602] [<ffffffff810a0450>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
[ 2.424605] ---[ end trace 9c3f9641e06cab0a ]---
そして、さらにいくつか（しかし、それらは非常に似ているようです）。
lshw -c videoと入力すると、次のようになります：
$ Sudo lshw -c video
*-display:0
description: VGA compatible controller
product: Mobile 945GM/GMS, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
version: 03
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=i915 latency=0
resources: irq:16 memory:f4400000-f447ffff ioport:4000(size=8) memory:e0000000-efffffff memory:f4480000-f44bffff
*-display:1 UNCLAIMED
description: Display controller
product: Mobile 945GM/GMS/GME, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.1
version: 03
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list
configuration: latency=0
resources: memory:f4500000-f457ffff
16.04-Intelのデフォルトドライバーを削除してIntelグラフィックドライバーを再インストールする方法 のように、Xドライバーを再インストールしても解決しませんでした。以前のUbuntuバージョンでは、この問題は存在しませんでしたが、一部の3D操作（回転するデスクトップキューブなど）では、遠近法の変換が正しく行われませんでした。
これは私のために働いた：
オープンソフトウェアとアップデート
追加のドライバーに移動
インテルグラフィックスを選択
PC /ラップトップを再起動します