32Gbをインストールすると、システム（Ubuntu 18.04.1）が合計RAMを11.8Gb報告するのはなぜですか？
私のUbuntu 18.04が予想される+/- 32Gbではなく11.8Gbを報告する理由を理解できません。
私は、16Gbの物理的な「部分」を2つ持っていますRAMそれぞれDellラップトップPrecision 7510です。
OSは64ビットです。
$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS
Release: 18.04
Codename: bionic
Ubuntuは11.8Gbを報告し、コマンドhtopは11.8Gbの最大RAMを報告します。
職場でいくつかのテストを行いました：
- BIOSをDell v1.16.3から最新に更新 を更新しました。 変更はありません。
- 2x8Gbの他の部分RAMでも、OSは11.8Gbを報告します。何も変更されていません
- 16Gbを1つだけ使用して（一度に両方のメモリをテストします）、OSが報告しました。 .. 16Gb！ RAMが2つ、2x16、または2x8が2つある場合にのみ問題が発生するかのように
- ブート可能なLinux usbキー（同僚のusbキー、これはUbuntuではなかった、私は彼にOSを尋ねなかった）で起動し、32Gbはこの代替Linux OSによって検出されました。
- Edit 2019/01/27：Live Ubuntu 18.04を使用して起動可能なUSBキーで起動しましたが、結果は同じです。VanillaUbuntu 18.04は11.8Goを報告します。
この question では、メモリに関する/var/log/kern.logの行の引用は、一部のメモリがビデオ用に予約されていることを示している可能性があります。
私の/var/log/kern.logでは、この行は約12Gb、時には16Gbと表示されます。
Jan 24 11:06:29 proust kernel: [ 0.000000] Memory: 12027524K/12374028K available (12300K kernel code, 2472K rwdata, 4252K rodata, 2408K init, 2416K bss, 346504K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
...
Jan 25 16:01:55 proust kernel: [ 0.000000] Memory: 16182536K/16592532K available (12300K kernel code, 2472K rwdata, 4252K rodata, 2408K init, 2416K bss, 409996K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
OSが報告する11.8Gbに対応する12027524Kはありますか？
つまり、16182536Kと表示されているときにスクリーンショットを撮った場合、OSは11.8ではなく16Gbを使用できると報告しますか？
役立つかどうかにかかわらず、/var/log/kern.logの一部の抜粋。
Jan 22 10:28:11 proust kernel: [ 7.518122] Adding 33192956k swap on /dev/nvme0n1p5. Priority:-2 extents:1 across:33192956k SSFS
[...]
Jan 22 10:28:11 proust kernel: [ 1.655250] [drm] Detected VRAM RAM=2048M, BAR=256M
Jan 22 10:28:11 proust kernel: [ 1.655250] [drm] RAM width 128bits DDR
Jan 22 10:28:11 proust kernel: [ 1.655422] [TTM] Zone kernel: Available graphics memory: 6044034 kiB
Jan 22 10:28:11 proust kernel: [ 1.655423] [TTM] Zone dma32: Available graphics memory: 2097152 kiB
Jan 22 10:28:11 proust kernel: [ 1.655423] [TTM] Initializing pool allocator
Jan 22 10:28:11 proust kernel: [ 1.655444] [TTM] Initializing DMA pool allocator
Jan 22 10:28:11 proust kernel: [ 1.655454] [drm] radeon: 2048M of VRAM memory ready
Jan 22 10:28:11 proust kernel: [ 1.655454] [drm] radeon: 2048M of GTT memory ready.
[...]
Jan 22 10:28:11 proust kernel: [ 1.844114] [drm] Memory usable by graphics device = 4096M
また、いくつかのエラー（この/var/log/kern.logファイルを確認したことはありません）
Jan 22 10:28:11 proust kernel: [ 5.573929] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p1): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro
...
Jan 22 10:28:11 proust kernel: [ 6.040729] thermal thermal_zone10: failed to read out thermal zone (-61)
...
Jan 22 10:28:11 proust kernel: [ 10.690615] vboxdrv: module verification failed: signature and/or required key missing - tainting kernel
...
Jan 22 10:28:16 proust kernel: [ 15.304753] ACPI Error: [SPRT] Namespace lookup failure, AE_ALREADY_EXISTS (20170831/dswload2-346)
...
Jan 22 10:28:16 proust kernel: [ 15.304764] ACPI Error: Method parse/execution failed \_GPE._E42, AE_ALREADY_EXISTS (20170831/psparse-550)
...
Jan 22 10:28:21 proust kernel: [ 20.552778] xhci_hcd 0000:3c:00.0: Host halt failed, -19
Jan 22 10:28:21 proust kernel: [ 20.552780] xhci_hcd 0000:3c:00.0: Host not accessible, reset failed.
...
Jan 22 10:30:10 proust kernel: [ 129.221450] radeon 0000:01:00.0: failed VCE resume (-22).
...
Jan 22 10:30:11 proust kernel: [ 130.876028] [drm:uvd_v1_0_ib_test [radeon]] *ERROR* radeon: fence wait timed out.
Jan 22 10:30:11 proust kernel: [ 130.876086] [drm:radeon_ib_ring_tests [radeon]] *ERROR* radeon: failed testing IB on ring 5 (-110).
Jan 22 10:30:11 proust kernel: [ 130.876107] radeon 0000:01:00.0: scheduling IB failed (-12).
Jan 22 10:30:11 proust kernel: [ 130.876149] [drm:radeon_vce_get_create_msg [radeon]] *ERROR* radeon: failed to schedule ib (-12).
Jan 22 10:30:11 proust kernel: [ 130.876190] [drm:radeon_vce_ib_test [radeon]] *ERROR* radeon: failed to get create msg (-12).
Jan 22 10:30:11 proust kernel: [ 130.876230] [drm:radeon_ib_ring_tests [radeon]] *ERROR* radeon: failed testing IB on ring 6 (-12).
Jan 22 10:30:11 proust kernel: [ 130.876245] radeon 0000:01:00.0: scheduling IB failed (-12).
Jan 22 10:30:11 proust kernel: [ 130.876282] [drm:radeon_vce_get_create_msg [radeon]] *ERROR* radeon: failed to schedule ib (-12).
Jan 22 10:30:11 proust kernel: [ 130.876318] [drm:radeon_vce_ib_test [radeon]] *ERROR* radeon: failed to get create msg (-12).
Jan 22 10:30:11 proust kernel: [ 130.876355] [drm:radeon_ib_ring_tests [radeon]] *ERROR* radeon: failed testing IB on ring 7 (-12).
...
Jan 22 10:30:22 proust kernel: [ 141.892295] ACPI Error: [SPRT] Namespace lookup failure, AE_ALREADY_EXISTS (20170831/dswload2-346)
エラー以外の行もたくさんあります：
Jan 22 18:42:28 proust kernel: [29667.466039] [drm] Reducing the compressed framebuffer size. This may lead to less power savings than a non-reduced-size. Try to increase stolen memory size if available in BIOS.
他のスレッドで見つかったいくつかのコマンドを次に示します。
$ cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 12324368 kB
MemFree: 267520 kB
MemAvailable: 5806556 kB
Buffers: 1055348 kB
Cached: 5303968 kB
SwapCached: 0 kB
Active: 6774156 kB
Inactive: 4251464 kB
Active(anon): 4678200 kB
Inactive(anon): 1035304 kB
Active(file): 2095956 kB
Inactive(file): 3216160 kB
Unevictable: 112 kB
Mlocked: 112 kB
SwapTotal: 33192956 kB
SwapFree: 33192956 kB
Dirty: 4360 kB
Writeback: 0 kB
AnonPages: 4666392 kB
Mapped: 912788 kB
Shmem: 1047204 kB
Slab: 724556 kB
SReclaimable: 554796 kB
SUnreclaim: 169760 kB
KernelStack: 22000 kB
PageTables: 105136 kB
NFS_Unstable: 0 kB
Bounce: 0 kB
WritebackTmp: 0 kB
CommitLimit: 39355140 kB
Committed_AS: 18975512 kB
VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB
VmallocUsed: 0 kB
VmallocChunk: 0 kB
HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB
AnonHugePages: 0 kB
ShmemHugePages: 0 kB
ShmemPmdMapped: 0 kB
CmaTotal: 0 kB
CmaFree: 0 kB
HugePages_Total: 0
HugePages_Free: 0
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
Hugepagesize: 2048 kB
DirectMap4k: 466080 kB
DirectMap2M: 12146688 kB
DirectMap1G: 1048576 kB
$ free
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 12324368 5342192 1503780 1142692 5478396 5511600
Swap: 33192956 0 33192956
そして最後に、すべてのRAM（それぞれ16384 MBの2つのメモリデバイス）が表示されるように見えるコマンドdmidecode（私が見つけた here ）の結果：Handle 0x0049およびHandle 0x004Bおよび2つの空きスロット/空のスロットHandle 0x004AおよびHandle 0x004BC）：
$ Sudo dmidecode
[...]
Handle 0x0048, DMI type 16, 23 bytes
Physical Memory Array
Location: System Board Or Motherboard
Use: System Memory
Error Correction Type: None
Maximum Capacity: 64 GB
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Number Of Devices: 4
Handle 0x0049, DMI type 17, 40 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0048
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 16384 MB
Form Factor: SODIMM
Set: None
Locator: ChannelA-DIMM0
Bank Locator: BANK 0
Type: DDR4
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 2133 MT/s
Manufacturer: Micron
Serial Number: 12161215
Asset Tag: 2C0C0000
Part Number: 16ATF2G64HZ-2G1A1
Rank: 2
Configured Clock Speed: 2133 MT/s
Minimum Voltage: Unknown
Maximum Voltage: Unknown
Configured Voltage: 1.2 V
Handle 0x004A, DMI type 17, 40 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0048
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: Unknown
Data Width: Unknown
Size: No Module Installed
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: ChannelB-DIMM0
Bank Locator: BANK 1
Type: Unknown
Type Detail: None
Speed: Unknown
Manufacturer: Not Specified
Serial Number: Not Specified
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Part Number: Not Specified
Rank: Unknown
Configured Clock Speed: Unknown
Minimum Voltage: Unknown
Maximum Voltage: Unknown
Configured Voltage: Unknown
Handle 0x004B, DMI type 17, 40 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0048
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 16384 MB
Form Factor: SODIMM
Set: None
Locator: ChannelB-DIMM1
Bank Locator: BANK 2
Type: DDR4
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 2133 MT/s
Manufacturer: Micron
Serial Number: 12121212
Asset Tag: 00000000
Part Number: 16ATF2G64HZ-2G1A1
Rank: 2
Configured Clock Speed: 2133 MT/s
Minimum Voltage: Unknown
Maximum Voltage: Unknown
Configured Voltage: 1.2 V
Handle 0x004C, DMI type 17, 40 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0048
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: Unknown
Data Width: Unknown
Size: No Module Installed
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: ChannelA-DIMM1
Bank Locator: BANK 3
Type: Unknown
Type Detail: None
Speed: Unknown
Manufacturer: Not Specified
Serial Number: Not Specified
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Part Number: Not Specified
Rank: Unknown
Configured Clock Speed: Unknown
Minimum Voltage: Unknown
Maximum Voltage: Unknown
Configured Voltage: Unknown
Handle 0x004D, DMI type 19, 31 bytes
Memory Array Mapped Address
Starting Address: 0x00000000000
Ending Address: 0x007FFFFFFFF
Range Size: 32 GB
Physical Array Handle: 0x0048
Partition Width: 2
手がかり、私のケースの説明、または確認する情報は大歓迎です。
2019-01-28を編集
memtest86の結果（デフォルトのテスト、約7.5時間かかりました）
25/48テストに合格し、FAILが報告されました（52％）。
これらのエラーは、Ubuntuが28/32Gbを表示しないが、Fedoraのような他のディストリビューションが原因である可能性がありますか？
2019-02-03を編集
ライブFedora 29でUSBキーから起動しました。
結果は同じように見えますが、OSで使用できるのは12 Gbのみです。
Fedoraでのhtop結果
Fedora OS詳細ウィンドウ
dmesg | grep Memoryの結果：
[liveuser@localhost-live ~]$ dmesg | grep Memory
[ 0.000000] Memory: 12264216K/12607208K available (12300K kernel code, 1624K rwdata, 4056K rodata, 2160K init, 1336K bss, 342992K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
[ 0.024277] x86/mm: Memory block size: 128MB
[ 3.774268] usb 1-1: Product: USB Flash Memory
[ 6.433239] scsi 5:0:0:0: Direct-Access USB Flash Memory 5.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 CCS
また、この「メモリ」行まで、Fedoraのdmesgスタート全体を追加します。
ブロック/セクションBIOSが提供する物理RAM mapは正常ですか？
[liveuser@localhost-live ~]$ dmesg
[ 0.000000] Linux version 4.18.16-300.fc29.x86_64 ([email protected]) (gcc version 8.2.1 20180801 (Red Hat 8.2.1-2) (GCC)) #1 SMP Sat Oct 20 23:24:08 UTC 2018
[ 0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=vmlinuz initrd=initrd.img root=live:CDLABEL=Fedora-WS-Live-29-1-2 rd.live.image rd.live.check quiet
[ 0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x001: 'x87 floating point registers'
[ 0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x002: 'SSE registers'
[ 0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x004: 'AVX registers'
[ 0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x008: 'MPX bounds registers'
[ 0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x010: 'MPX CSR'
[ 0.000000] x86/fpu: xstate_offset[2]: 576, xstate_sizes[2]: 256
[ 0.000000] x86/fpu: xstate_offset[3]: 832, xstate_sizes[3]: 64
[ 0.000000] x86/fpu: xstate_offset[4]: 896, xstate_sizes[4]: 64
[ 0.000000] x86/fpu: Enabled xstate features 0x1f, context size is 960 bytes, using 'compacted' format.
[ 0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009dbff] usable
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000000009dc00-0x000000000009ffff] reserved
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000000e0000-0x00000000000fffff] reserved
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x0000000066540fff] usable
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000066541000-0x0000000066541fff] ACPI NVS
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000066542000-0x000000006b7a2fff] reserved
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000006b7a3000-0x000000006b7dffff] ACPI data
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000006b7e0000-0x000000006be59fff] ACPI NVS
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000006be5a000-0x000000006fffffff] reserved
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000e0000000-0x00000000efffffff] reserved
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fe000000-0x00000000fe010fff] reserved
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fec00000-0x00000000fec00fff] reserved
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fee00000-0x00000000fee00fff] reserved
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000ff000000-0x00000000ffffffff] reserved
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x000000039b2dcfff] usable
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000039b2dd000-0x000000088dffffff] reserved
[ 0.000000] NX (Execute Disable) protection: active
[ 0.000000] SMBIOS 3.0.0 present.
[ 0.000000] DMI: Dell Inc. Precision 7510/0M1YNP, BIOS 1.16.3 09/12/2018
[ 0.000000] e820: update [mem 0x00000000-0x00000fff] usable ==> reserved
[ 0.000000] e820: remove [mem 0x000a0000-0x000fffff] usable
[ 0.000000] last_pfn = 0x39b2dd max_Arch_pfn = 0x400000000
[ 0.000000] MTRR default type: write-back
[ 0.000000] MTRR fixed ranges enabled:
[ 0.000000] 00000-9FFFF write-back
[ 0.000000] A0000-BFFFF uncachable
[ 0.000000] C0000-FFFFF write-protect
[ 0.000000] MTRR variable ranges enabled:
[ 0.000000] 0 base 0080000000 mask 7F80000000 uncachable
[ 0.000000] 1 base 0070000000 mask 7FF0000000 uncachable
[ 0.000000] 2 base 006E000000 mask 7FFE000000 uncachable
[ 0.000000] 3 base 006D800000 mask 7FFF800000 uncachable
[ 0.000000] 4 disabled
[ 0.000000] 5 disabled
[ 0.000000] 6 disabled
[ 0.000000] 7 disabled
[ 0.000000] 8 disabled
[ 0.000000] 9 disabled
[ 0.000000] x86/PAT: Configuration [0-7]: WB WC UC- UC WB WP UC- WT
[ 0.000000] last_pfn = 0x66541 max_Arch_pfn = 0x400000000
[ 0.000000] found SMP MP-table at [mem 0x000fce40-0x000fce4f] mapped at [(____ptrval____)]
[ 0.000000] Base memory trampoline at [(____ptrval____)] 97000 size 24576
[ 0.000000] Using GB pages for direct mapping
[ 0.000000] BRK [0x348aaf000, 0x348aaffff] PGTABLE
[ 0.000000] BRK [0x348ab0000, 0x348ab0fff] PGTABLE
[ 0.000000] BRK [0x348ab1000, 0x348ab1fff] PGTABLE
[ 0.000000] BRK [0x348ab2000, 0x348ab2fff] PGTABLE
[ 0.000000] BRK [0x348ab3000, 0x348ab3fff] PGTABLE
[ 0.000000] BRK [0x348ab4000, 0x348ab4fff] PGTABLE
[ 0.000000] BRK [0x348ab5000, 0x348ab5fff] PGTABLE
[ 0.000000] BRK [0x348ab6000, 0x348ab6fff] PGTABLE
[ 0.000000] RAMDISK: [mem 0x63526000-0x66540fff]
[ 0.000000] ACPI: Early table checksum verification disabled
[ 0.000000] ACPI: RSDP 0x00000000000E98B0 000024 (v02 Dell )
[ 0.000000] ACPI: XSDT 0x000000006B7AF0B0 0000DC (v01 Dell CBX3 01072009 AMI 00010013)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: FACP 0x000000006B7D0780 00010C (v05 Dell CBX3 01072009 AMI 00010013)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: DSDT 0x000000006B7AF218 021568 (v02 Dell CBX3 01072009 INTL 20120913)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: FACS 0x000000006BE57E80 000040
[ 0.000000] ACPI: APIC 0x000000006B7D0890 0000BC (v03 Dell CBX3 01072009 AMI 00010013)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: FPDT 0x000000006B7D0950 000044 (v01 Dell CBX3 01072009 AMI 00010013)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: MCFG 0x000000006B7D0998 00003C (v01 Dell CBX3 01072009 MSFT 00000097)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: HPET 0x000000006B7D09D8 000038 (v01 Dell CBX3 01072009 AMI. 0005000B)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: SSDT 0x000000006B7D0A10 00046D (v01 SataRe SataTabl 00001000 INTL 20120913)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: LPIT 0x000000006B7D0E80 000094 (v01 INTEL SKL 00000000 MSFT 0000005F)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: SSDT 0x000000006B7D0F18 000248 (v02 INTEL sensrhub 00000000 INTL 20120913)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: SSDT 0x000000006B7D1160 002BAE (v02 INTEL PtidDevc 00001000 INTL 20120913)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: SSDT 0x000000006B7D3D10 0007D9 (v02 INTEL xh_rvp07 00000000 INTL 20120913)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: DBGP 0x000000006B7D44F0 000034 (v01 INTEL 00000000 MSFT 0000005F)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: DBG2 0x000000006B7D4528 000054 (v00 INTEL 00000000 MSFT 0000005F)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: SSDT 0x000000006B7D4580 003866 (v02 SaSsdt SaSsdt 00003000 INTL 20120913)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: UEFI 0x000000006B7D7DE8 000042 (v01 00000000 00000000)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: SSDT 0x000000006B7D7E30 000E73 (v02 CpuRef CpuSsdt 00003000 INTL 20120913)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: SSDT 0x000000006B7D8CA8 00435D (v02 DptfTa DptfTabl 00001000 INTL 20120913)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: MSDM 0x000000006B7DD008 000055 (v03 Dell CBX3 06222004 AMI 00010013)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: SLIC 0x000000006B7DD060 000176 (v03 Dell CBX3 01072009 MSFT 00010013)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: SSDT 0x000000006B7DD1D8 000094 (v02 SgRef SgPeg 00001000 INTL 20120913)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: DMAR 0x000000006B7DD270 0000A8 (v01 INTEL SKL 00000001 INTL 00000001)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: TPM2 0x000000006B7DD318 000034 (v03 Tpm2Tabl 00000001 AMI 00000000)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: SSDT 0x000000006B7DD350 000F00 (v01 AmdRef AmdTabl 00001000 INTL 20120913)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: ASF! 0x000000006B7DE250 0000A5 (v32 INTEL HCG 00000001 TFSM 000F4240)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: Local APIC address 0xfee00000
[ 0.000000] No NUMA configuration found
[ 0.000000] Faking a node at [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000039b2dcfff]
[ 0.000000] NODE_DATA(0) allocated [mem 0x39b2b2000-0x39b2dcfff]
[ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
[ 0.000000] DMA [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x0000000000ffffff]
[ 0.000000] DMA32 [mem 0x0000000001000000-0x00000000ffffffff]
[ 0.000000] Normal [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x000000039b2dcfff]
[ 0.000000] Device empty
[ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
[ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x000000000009cfff]
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x0000000066540fff]
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x000000039b2dcfff]
[ 0.000000] Reserved but unavailable: 26694 pages
[ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x000000039b2dcfff]
[ 0.000000] On node 0 totalpages: 3151802
[ 0.000000] DMA zone: 64 pages used for memmap
[ 0.000000] DMA zone: 21 pages reserved
[ 0.000000] DMA zone: 3996 pages, LIFO batch:0
[ 0.000000] DMA32 zone: 6486 pages used for memmap
[ 0.000000] DMA32 zone: 415041 pages, LIFO batch:31
[ 0.000000] Normal zone: 42700 pages used for memmap
[ 0.000000] Normal zone: 2732765 pages, LIFO batch:31
[ 0.000000] Reserving Intel graphics memory at [mem 0x6e000000-0x6fffffff]
[ 0.000000] ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x1808
[ 0.000000] ACPI: Local APIC address 0xfee00000
[ 0.000000] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x01] high Edge lint[0x1])
[ 0.000000] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x02] high Edge lint[0x1])
[ 0.000000] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x03] high Edge lint[0x1])
[ 0.000000] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x04] high Edge lint[0x1])
[ 0.000000] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x05] high Edge lint[0x1])
[ 0.000000] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x06] high Edge lint[0x1])
[ 0.000000] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x07] high Edge lint[0x1])
[ 0.000000] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x08] high Edge lint[0x1])
[ 0.000000] IOAPIC[0]: apic_id 2, version 32, address 0xfec00000, GSI 0-119
[ 0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 0 global_irq 2 dfl dfl)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 9 global_irq 9 high level)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: IRQ0 used by override.
[ 0.000000] ACPI: IRQ9 used by override.
[ 0.000000] Using ACPI (MADT) for SMP configuration information
[ 0.000000] ACPI: HPET id: 0x8086a701 base: 0xfed00000
[ 0.000000] smpboot: Allowing 8 CPUs, 0 hotplug CPUs
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x00000000-0x00000fff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x0009d000-0x0009dfff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x0009e000-0x0009ffff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x000a0000-0x000dffff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x000e0000-0x000fffff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x66541000-0x66541fff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x66542000-0x6b7a2fff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x6b7a3000-0x6b7dffff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x6b7e0000-0x6be59fff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x6be5a000-0x6fffffff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x70000000-0xdfffffff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0xe0000000-0xefffffff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0xf0000000-0xfdffffff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0xfe000000-0xfe010fff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0xfe011000-0xfebfffff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0xfec00000-0xfec00fff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0xfec01000-0xfedfffff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0xfee00000-0xfee00fff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0xfee01000-0xfeffffff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0xff000000-0xffffffff]
[ 0.000000] [mem 0x70000000-0xdfffffff] available for PCI devices
[ 0.000000] Booting paravirtualized kernel on bare hardware
[ 0.000000] clocksource: refined-jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 1910969940391419 ns
[ 0.000000] random: get_random_bytes called from start_kernel+0x93/0x558 with crng_init=0
[ 0.000000] setup_percpu: NR_CPUS:1024 nr_cpumask_bits:8 nr_cpu_ids:8 nr_node_ids:1
[ 0.000000] percpu: Embedded 45 pages/cpu @(____ptrval____) s147456 r8192 d28672 u262144
[ 0.000000] pcpu-alloc: s147456 r8192 d28672 u262144 alloc=1*2097152
[ 0.000000] pcpu-alloc: [0] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 3102531
[ 0.000000] Policy zone: Normal
[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=vmlinuz initrd=initrd.img root=live:CDLABEL=Fedora-WS-Live-29-1-2 rd.live.image rd.live.check quiet
[ 0.000000] Memory: 12264216K/12607208K available (12300K kernel code, 1624K rwdata, 4056K rodata, 2160K init, 1336K bss, 342992K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
[ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=8, Nodes=1
物理メモリスティックを変更した後、8Goの4Goあたり2Goの古い16Goを交換しました。31.2Goが検出されました。
したがって、それは物理メモリの問題でした。
また、htopを使用：
