System.Text.Jsonでポリモーフィックな逆シリアル化は可能ですか？

Question

Newtonsoft.JsonからSystem.Text.Jsonへの移行を試みます。抽象クラスをデシリアライズしたい。 Newtonsoft.Jsonには、このためのTypeNameHandlingがあります。 NET Core 3.0のSystem.Text.Jsonを介して抽象クラスを逆シリアル化する方法はありますか？

Answer 1

System.Text.Jsonの拡張機能として作成した、ポリモーフィズムを提供するこのライブラリを試してください： https://github.com/dahomey-technologies/Dahomey.Json

参照インスタンスの実際のタイプが宣言されたタイプと異なる場合、discriminatorプロパティが出力jsonに自動的に追加されます。

public class WeatherForecast
{
    public DateTimeOffset Date { get; set; }
    public int TemperatureCelsius { get; set; }
    public string Summary { get; set; }
}

public class WeatherForecastDerived : WeatherForecast
{
    public int WindSpeed { get; set; }
}

継承されたクラスは、判別子の値と型の間のマッピングについてフレームワークに通知するために、手動で判別子規則レジストリに登録する必要があります。

JsonSerializerOptions options = new JsonSerializerOptions();
options.SetupExtensions();
DiscriminatorConventionRegistry registry = options.GetDiscriminatorConventionRegistry();
registry.RegisterType<WeatherForecastDerived>();

string json = JsonSerializer.Serialize<WeatherForecast>(weatherForecastDerived, options);

結果：

{
  "$type": "Tests.WeatherForecastDerived, Tests",
  "Date": "2019-08-01T00:00:00-07:00",
  "TemperatureCelsius": 25,
  "Summary": "Hot",
  "WindSpeed": 35
}

Answer 2

私はその解決策に終わりました。それはライトワイトであり、私にとっては一般的なものです。

型弁別コンバーター

public class TypeDiscriminatorConverter<T> : JsonConverter<T> where T : ITypeDiscriminator
{
    private readonly IEnumerable<Type> _types;

    public TypeDiscriminatorConverter()
    {
        var type = typeof(T);
        _types = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies()
            .SelectMany(s => s.GetTypes())
            .Where(p => type.IsAssignableFrom(p) && p.IsClass && !p.IsAbstract)
            .ToList();
    }

    public override T Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
    {
        if (reader.TokenType != JsonTokenType.StartObject)
        {
            throw new JsonException();
        }

        using (var jsonDocument = JsonDocument.ParseValue(ref reader))
        {
            if (!jsonDocument.RootElement.TryGetProperty(nameof(ITypeDiscriminator.TypeDiscriminator), out var typeProperty))
            {
                throw new JsonException();
            }

            var type = _types.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Name == typeProperty.GetString());
            if (type == null)
            {
                throw new JsonException();
            }

            var jsonObject = jsonDocument.RootElement.GetRawText();
            var result = (T) JsonSerializer.Deserialize(jsonObject, type);

            return result;
        }
    }

    public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, T value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
    {
        JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, (object)value, options);
    }
}

インターフェース

public interface ITypeDiscriminator
{
    string TypeDiscriminator { get; }
}

そして、サンプルモデル

public interface ISurveyStepResult : ITypeDiscriminator
{
    string Id { get; set; }
}

public class BoolStepResult : ISurveyStepResult
{
    public string Id { get; set; }
    public string TypeDiscriminator => nameof(BoolStepResult);

    public bool Value { get; set; }
}

public class TextStepResult : ISurveyStepResult
{
    public string Id { get; set; }
    public string TypeDiscriminator => nameof(TextStepResult);

    public string Value { get; set; }
}

public class StarsStepResult : ISurveyStepResult
{
    public string Id { get; set; }
    public string TypeDiscriminator => nameof(StarsStepResult);

    public int Value { get; set; }
}

そしてここにテスト方法があります

public void SerializeAndDeserializeTest()
    {
        var surveyResult = new SurveyResultModel()
        {
            Id = "id",
            SurveyId = "surveyId",
            Steps = new List<ISurveyStepResult>()
            {
                new BoolStepResult(){ Id = "1", Value = true},
                new TextStepResult(){ Id = "2", Value = "some text"},
                new StarsStepResult(){ Id = "3", Value = 5},
            }
        };

        var jsonSerializerOptions = new JsonSerializerOptions()
        {
            Converters = { new TypeDiscriminatorConverter<ISurveyStepResult>()},
            WriteIndented = true
        };
        var result = JsonSerializer.Serialize(surveyResult, jsonSerializerOptions);

        var back = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<SurveyResultModel>(result, jsonSerializerOptions);

        var result2 = JsonSerializer.Serialize(back, jsonSerializerOptions);

        Assert.IsTrue(back.Steps.Count == 3 
                      && back.Steps.Any(x => x is BoolStepResult)
                      && back.Steps.Any(x => x is TextStepResult)
                      && back.Steps.Any(x => x is StarsStepResult)
                      );
        Assert.AreEqual(result2, result);
    }

Answer 3

すべての抽象型のJsonConverterです。

        private class AbstractClassConverter : JsonConverter<object>
        {
            public override object Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert,
                JsonSerializerOptions options)
            {
                if (reader.TokenType == JsonTokenType.Null) return null;

                if (reader.TokenType != JsonTokenType.StartObject)
                    throw new JsonException("JsonTokenType.StartObject not found.");

                if (!reader.Read() || reader.TokenType != JsonTokenType.PropertyName
                                   || reader.GetString() != "$type")
                    throw new JsonException("Property $type not found.");

                if (!reader.Read() || reader.TokenType != JsonTokenType.String)
                    throw new JsonException("Value at $type is invalid.");

                string assemblyQualifiedName = reader.GetString();

                var type = Type.GetType(assemblyQualifiedName);
                using (var output = new MemoryStream())
                {
                    ReadObject(ref reader, output, options);
                    return JsonSerializer.Deserialize(output.ToArray(), type, options);
                }
            }

            private void ReadObject(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Stream output, JsonSerializerOptions options)
            {
                using (var writer = new Utf8JsonWriter(output, new JsonWriterOptions
                {
                    Encoder = options.Encoder,
                    Indented = options.WriteIndented
                }))
                {
                    writer.WriteStartObject();
                    var objectIntend = 0;

                    while (reader.Read())
                    {
                        switch (reader.TokenType)
                        {
                            case JsonTokenType.None:
                            case JsonTokenType.Null:
                                writer.WriteNullValue();
                                break;
                            case JsonTokenType.StartObject:
                                writer.WriteStartObject();
                                objectIntend++;
                                break;
                            case JsonTokenType.EndObject:
                                writer.WriteEndObject();
                                if(objectIntend == 0)
                                {
                                    writer.Flush();
                                    return;
                                }
                                objectIntend--;
                                break;
                            case JsonTokenType.StartArray:
                                writer.WriteStartArray();
                                break;
                            case JsonTokenType.EndArray:
                                writer.WriteEndArray();
                                break;
                            case JsonTokenType.PropertyName:
                                writer.WritePropertyName(reader.GetString());
                                break;
                            case JsonTokenType.Comment:
                                writer.WriteCommentValue(reader.GetComment());
                                break;
                            case JsonTokenType.String:
                                writer.WriteStringValue(reader.GetString());
                                break;
                            case JsonTokenType.Number:
                                writer.WriteNumberValue(reader.GetInt32());
                                break;
                            case JsonTokenType.True:
                            case JsonTokenType.False:
                                writer.WriteBooleanValue(reader.GetBoolean());
                                break;
                            default:
                                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, object value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
            {
                writer.WriteStartObject();
                var valueType = value.GetType();
                var valueAssemblyName = valueType.Assembly.GetName();
                writer.WriteString("$type", $"{valueType.FullName}, {valueAssemblyName.Name}");

                var json = JsonSerializer.Serialize(value, value.GetType(), options);
                using (var document = JsonDocument.Parse(json, new JsonDocumentOptions
                {
                    AllowTrailingCommas = options.AllowTrailingCommas,
                    MaxDepth = options.MaxDepth
                }))
                {
                    foreach (var jsonProperty in document.RootElement.EnumerateObject())
                        jsonProperty.WriteTo(writer);
                }

                writer.WriteEndObject();
            }

            public override bool CanConvert(Type typeToConvert) => 
                typeToConvert.IsAbstract && !EnumerableInterfaceType.IsAssignableFrom(typeToConvert);
        }