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CSSで放射状メニューを作成する

このようなメニューを作成するにはどうすればいいですか...

Tooltip Image

PSDへのリンク

PSD画像は使いたくありません。私は FontAwesome のようないくつかのパッケージからのアイコンを使うことを好み、CSSでbackground/cssを生成します。

PSDを使用してツールチップのイメージを生成してから使用しているメニューのバージョンは、 こちら にあります。

319
ssb

ほぼ3年後、私はついにこれを再検討して改良版を投稿する時間を作りました。参考のために最後に元の回答を表示することもできます

SVGは特に良い選択かもしれませんが、今日の私の目標は、HTMLとCSS、JS、SVG、画像(ルート要素の背景以外)を保持することでした。

2015デモ

スクリーンショット

Chrome 43:

Chrome screenshot

Firefox 38:

Firefox screenshot

IE 11:

IE screenshot

コード

HTMLはとても単純です。チェックボックスハックを使ってメニューを表示/非表示にしています。

<input type='checkbox' id='t'/>
<label for='t'>✰</label>
<ul>
    <li><a href='#'>☀</a></li>
    <li><a href='#'>☃</a></li>
    <li><a href='#'>☁</a></li>
</ul>

私はSassを使用してこれを論理的に保ち、必要に応じて変更しやすくしています。大いにコメントした。

$d: 2em; // diameter of central round button
$r: 16em; // radius of menu
$n: 3; // must match number of list items in DOM
$exp: 3em; // menu item height
$tip: .75em; // dimension of tip on middle menu item
$w: .5em; // width of ends
$cover-dim: 2*($r - $exp); // dimension of the link cover
$angle: 15deg; // angle for a menu item
$skew-angle: 90deg - $angle; // how much to skew a menu item to $angle
$scale-factor: cos($skew-angle); // correction factor - see vimeo.com/98137613 from min 15
$off-angle: .125deg; // offset angle so we have a little space between menu items

// don't show the actual checkbox
input {
  transform: translate(-100vw); // move offscreen
  visibility: hidden; // avoid Paint
}

// change state of menu to revealed on checking the checkbox
input:checked ~ ul {
    transform: scale(1); 
    opacity: .999;
    // ease out back from easings.net/#easeOutBack
    transition: .5s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275);
}

// position everything absolutely such that their left bottom corner 
// is in the middle of the screen
label, ul, li {
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%; bottom: 50%;
}

// visual candy styles
label, a {
    color: #858596;
    font: 700 1em/ #{$d} sans-serif;
    text-align: center;
    text-shadow: 0 1px 1px #6c6f7e;
    cursor: pointer;
}

label {
    z-index: 2; // place it above the menu which has z-index: 1
    margin: -$d/2; // position correction such that it's right in the middle
    width: $d; height: $d;
    border-radius: 50%;
    box-shadow: 0 0 1px 1px white, 
                0 .125em .25em #876366, 
                0 .125em .5em #876366;
    background: radial-gradient(#d4c7c5, #e5e1dd);
}

ul {
    z-index: 1;
    margin: -$r + $exp + 1.5*$d 0; // position correction
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
    transform-Origin: 50% (-$r + $exp);
    transform: scale(.001); // initial state: scaled down to invisible
    will-change: transform; // better perf on transitioning transform
    opacity: .001; // initial state: transparent
    filter: drop-shadow(0 .125em .25em #847c77) 
            drop-shadow(0 .125em .5em #847c77);
    // ease in back, also from easings.net
    transition: .5s cubic-bezier(0.6, -0.28, 0.735, 0.045);

    // menu ends
    &:before, &:after {
        position: absolute;
        margin: -$exp (-$w/2);
        width: $w; height: $exp;
        transform-Origin: 50% 100%;
        background: linear-gradient(#ddd, #c9c4bf);
        content: '';
    }

    &:before {
        border-radius: $w 0 0 $w;
        transform: rotate(-.5*$n*$angle) 
                   translate(-$w/2, -$r + $exp);
        box-shadow: inset 1px 0 1px #eee;
    }
    &:after {
        border-radius: 0 $w $w 0;
        transform: rotate(.5*$n*$angle) 
            translate($w/2, -$r + $exp);
        box-shadow: inset -1px 0 1px #eee;
    }
}

li {
    overflow: hidden;
    width: $r; height: $r;
    transform-Origin: 0 100%;

    @for $i from 0 to $n {
        &:nth-child(#{$i + 1}) {
            $curr-angle: $i*$angle + 
                ($i + .5)*$off-angle - 
                .5*$n*($angle + $off-angle);

            // make each list item a rhombus rotated around its bottom left corner
            // see explanation from minute 33:10 youtube.com/watch?v=ehjoh_MmE9A
            transform: rotate($curr-angle)
                       skewY(-$skew-angle) 
                       scaleX($scale-factor);

            // add tip for the item n the middle, just a rotated square
            @if $i == ($n - 1)/2 {
                a:after {
                    position: absolute;
                    top: $exp; left: 50%;
                    margin: -$tip/2;
                    width: $tip; height: $tip;
                    transform: rotate(45deg);
                    box-shadow: 
                        inset -1px -1px 1px #eee;
                    background: linear-gradient(-45deg, 
                        #bbb, #c9c4bf 50%);
                    content: '';
                }
            }
        }
    }

    a, &:before {
        margin: 0 (-$r);
        width: 2*$r; height: 2*$r;
        border-radius: 50%;
    }

    &:before, &:after {
        position: absolute;
        border-radius: 50%;
        // undo distorting transforms from menu item (parent li)
        transform: scaleX(1/$scale-factor) 
                   skewY($skew-angle);
        content: '';
    }

    // actual background of the arched menu items
    &:before {
        box-shadow: 
            inset 0 0 1px 1px #fff, 
            inset 0 0 $exp #ebe7e2, 
            inset 0 0 1px ($exp - .0625em) #c9c4bf, 
            inset 0 0 0 $exp #dcdcdc;
    }

    // cover to prevent click action in between the star and menu items
    &:after {
        top: 100%; left: 0;
        margin: -$cover-dim/2;
        width: $cover-dim; height: $cover-dim;
        border-radius: 50%;
    }
}

a {
    display: block;
    // undo distorting transforms from menu item and rotate into right position
    transform: scaleX(1/$scale-factor) 
               skewY($skew-angle) 
               rotate($angle/2);
    line-height: $exp;
    text-align: center;
    text-decoration: none;
}
html {
  overflow: hidden;
  background: url(http://i.imgur.com/AeFfmwL.jpg);
}

input {
  /* move offscreen */
  -webkit-transform: translate(-100vw);
      -ms-transform: translate(-100vw);
          transform: translate(-100vw);
  /* avoid Paint */
  visibility: hidden;
}

input:checked ~ ul {
  -webkit-transform: scale(1);
      -ms-transform: scale(1);
          transform: scale(1);
  opacity: .999;
  /* ease out back from easings.net */
  -webkit-transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275);
          transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275);
}

label, ul, li {
  position: absolute;
  left: 50%;
  bottom: 50%;
}

label, a {
  color: #858596;
  font: 700 1em/ 2em sans-serif;
  text-align: center;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 1px #6c6f7e;
  cursor: pointer;
}

label {
  z-index: 2;
  margin: -1em;
  width: 2em;
  height: 2em;
  border-radius: 50%;
  box-shadow: 0 0 1px 1px white,  0 .125em .25em #876366,  0 .125em .5em #876366;
  background: #d3d3d3;
  background: -webkit-radial-gradient(#d4c7c5, #e5e1dd);
  background: radial-gradient(#d4c7c5, #e5e1dd);
}

ul {
  z-index: 1;
  margin: -10em 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  -webkit-transform-Origin: 50% -13em;
      -ms-transform-Origin: 50% -13em;
          transform-Origin: 50% -13em;
  -webkit-transform: scale(0.001);
      -ms-transform: scale(0.001);
          transform: scale(0.001);
  /* for improved perf on transitioning transform
   * https://Twitter.com/paul_irish/status/608492121734193152
   */
  will-change: transform;
  opacity: .001;
  -webkit-filter: drop-shadow(0 0.125em 0.25em #847c77);
          filter: drop-shadow(0 0.125em 0.25em #847c77);
  -webkit-transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.6, -0.28, 0.735, 0.045);
          transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.6, -0.28, 0.735, 0.045);
}
ul:before, ul:after {
  position: absolute;
  margin: -3em -0.25em;
  width: 0.5em;
  height: 3em;
  -webkit-transform-Origin: 50% 100%;
      -ms-transform-Origin: 50% 100%;
          transform-Origin: 50% 100%;
  background: #d3d3d3;
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(#ddd, #c9c4bf);
  background: linear-gradient(#ddd, #c9c4bf);
  content: '';
}
ul:before {
  border-radius: 0.5em 0 0 0.5em;
  -webkit-transform: rotate(-22.5deg) translate(-0.25em, -13em);
      -ms-transform: rotate(-22.5deg) translate(-0.25em, -13em);
          transform: rotate(-22.5deg) translate(-0.25em, -13em);
  box-shadow: inset 1px 0 1px #eee;
}
ul:after {
  border-radius: 0 0.5em 0.5em 0;
  -webkit-transform: rotate(22.5deg) translate(0.25em, -13em);
      -ms-transform: rotate(22.5deg) translate(0.25em, -13em);
          transform: rotate(22.5deg) translate(0.25em, -13em);
  box-shadow: inset -1px 0 1px #eee;
}

li {
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 16em;
  height: 16em;
  -webkit-transform-Origin: 0 100%;
      -ms-transform-Origin: 0 100%;
          transform-Origin: 0 100%;
}
li:nth-child(1) {
  -webkit-transform: rotate(-22.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
      -ms-transform: rotate(-22.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
          transform: rotate(-22.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
}
li:nth-child(2) {
  -webkit-transform: rotate(-7.5deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
      -ms-transform: rotate(-7.5deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
          transform: rotate(-7.5deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
}
li:nth-child(2) a:after {
  position: absolute;
  top: 3em;
  left: 50%;
  margin: -0.375em;
  width: 0.75em;
  height: 0.75em;
  -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);
      -ms-transform: rotate(45deg);
          transform: rotate(45deg);
  box-shadow: inset -1px -1px 1px #eee;
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(135deg, #bbb, #c9c4bf 50%);
  background: linear-gradient(-45deg, #bbb, #c9c4bf 50%);
  content: '';
}
li:nth-child(3) {
  -webkit-transform: rotate(7.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
      -ms-transform: rotate(7.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
          transform: rotate(7.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
}
li a, li:before {
  margin: 0 -16em;
  width: 32em;
  height: 32em;
  border-radius: 50%;
}
li:before, li:after {
  position: absolute;
  border-radius: 50%;
  -webkit-transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg);
      -ms-transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg);
          transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg);
  content: '';
}
li:before {
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 1px 1px #fff, inset 0 0 3em #ebe7e2, inset 0 0 1px 2.9375em #c9c4bf, inset 0 0 0 3em #dcdcdc;
}
li:after {
  top: 100%;
  left: 0;
  margin: -13em;
  width: 26em;
  height: 26em;
  border-radius: 50%;
}

a {
  display: block;
  -webkit-transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg) rotate(7.5deg);
      -ms-transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg) rotate(7.5deg);
          transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg) rotate(7.5deg);
  line-height: 3em;
  text-align: center;
  text-decoration: none;
}
<input type='checkbox' id='t'/>
<label for='t'>✰</label>
<ul>
        <li><a href='#'>☀</a></li>
        <li><a href='#'>☃</a></li>
        <li><a href='#'>☁</a></li>
</ul>

元の答え

純粋なCSSでこのようなことをやろうとする試み

デモ

(星をクリック)

Chrome、Firefox(ホバーに少し変わったぼかし効果)、Opera(両端が小さく見える)、Safari(両端が小さく見える)で動作します。

* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
body {
        overflow: hidden;
}
/* generic styles for button & circular menu */
.ctrl {
        position: absolute;
        top: 70%; left: 50%;
        font: 1.5em/1.13 Verdana, sans-serif;
        transition: .5s;
}
/* generic link styles */
a.ctrl, .ctrl a {
        display: block;
        opacity: .56;
        background: #c9c9c9;
        color: #7a8092;
        text-align: center;
        text-decoration: none;
        text-shadow: 0 -1px dimgrey;
}
a.ctrl:hover, .ctrl a:hover, a.ctrl:focus, .ctrl a:focus { opacity: 1; }
a.ctrl:focus, .ctrl a:focus { outline: none; }
.button {
        z-index: 2;
        margin: -.625em;
        width: 1.25em; height: 1.25em;
        border-radius: 50%;
        box-shadow: 0 0 3px 1px white;
}
/* circular menu */
.tip {
        z-index: 1;
        /**outline: dotted 1px white;/**/
        margin: -5em;
        width: 10em; height: 10em;
        transform: scale(.001);
        list-style: none;
        opacity: 0;
}
/* the ends of the menu */
.tip:before, .tip:after {
        position: absolute;
        top: 34.3%;
        width: .5em; height: 14%;
        opacity: .56;
        background: #c9c9c9;
        content: '';
}
.tip:before {
        left: 5.4%;
        border-radius: .25em 0 0 .25em;
        box-shadow: -1px 0 1px dimgrey, inset 1px 0 1px white, inset -1px 0 1px grey, 
                                inset 0 1px 1px white, inset 0 -1px 1px white;
        transform: rotate(-75deg);
}
.tip:after {
        right: 5.4%;
        border-radius: 0 .25em .25em 0;
        box-shadow: 1px 0 1px dimgrey, inset -1px 0 1px white, inset 1px 0 1px grey,
                                inset 0 1px 1px white, inset 0 -1px 1px white;
        transform: rotate(75deg);
}
/* make the menu appear on click */
.button:focus + .tip {
        transform: scale(1);
        opacity: 1;
}
/* slices of the circular menu */
.slice {
        overflow: hidden;
        position: absolute;
        /**outline: dotted 1px yellow;/**/
        width: 50%; height: 50%;
        transform-Origin: 100% 100%;
}
/* 
 * rotate each slice at the right angle = (A/2)° + (k - (n+1)/2)*A°
 * where A is the angle of 1 slice (30° in this case)
 * k is the number of the slice (in {1,2,3,4,5} here)
 * and n is the number of slices (5 in this case)
 * formula works for odd number of slices (n odd)
 * for even number of slices (n even) the rotation angle is (k - n/2)*A°
 * 
 * after rotating, skew on Y by 90°-A°; here A° = the angle for 1 slice = 30° 
 */
.slice:first-child { transform: rotate(-45deg) skewY(60deg); }
.slice:nth-child(2) { transform: rotate(-15deg) skewY(60deg); }
.slice:nth-child(3) { transform: rotate(15deg) skewY(60deg); }
.slice:nth-child(4) { transform: rotate(45deg) skewY(60deg); }
.slice:last-child { transform: rotate(75deg) skewY(60deg); }
/* covers for the inner part of the links so there's no hover trigger between
   star button & menu links; give them a red background to see them */
.slice:after {
        position: absolute;
        top: 32%; left: 32%;
        width: 136%; height: 136%;
        border-radius: 50%;
        /* "unskew" = skew by minus the same angle by which parent was skewed */
        transform: skewY(-60deg);
        content: '';
}
/* menu links */
.slice a {
        width: 200%; height: 200%;
        border-radius: 50%;
        box-shadow: 0 0 3px dimgrey, inset 0 0 4px white;
        /* "unskew" & rotate by -A°/2 */
        transform: skewY(-60deg) rotate(-15deg);
        background: /* lateral separators */
                        linear-gradient(75deg, 
                transparent 50%, grey 50%, transparent 54%) no-repeat 36.5% 0,
                        linear-gradient(-75deg, 
                transparent 50%, grey 50%, transparent 54%) no-repeat 63.5% 0,
                /* make sure inner part is transparent */
                radial-gradient(rgba(127,127,127,0) 49%, 
                                        rgba(255,255,255,.7) 51%, #c9c9c9 52%);
        background-size: 15% 15%, 15% 15%, cover;
        line-height: 1.4;
}
/* arrow for middle link */
.slice:nth-child(3) a:after {
        position: absolute;
        top: 13%; left: 50%;
        margin: -.25em;
        width: .5em; height: .5em;
        box-shadow: 2px 2px 2px white;
        transform: rotate(45deg);
        background: linear-gradient(-45deg, #c9c9c9 50%, transparent 50%);
        content: '';
}
<a class='button ctrl' href='#' tabindex='1'>★</a>
<ul class='tip ctrl'>
        <li class='slice'><a href='#'>✦</a></li>
        <li class='slice'><a href='#'>✿</a></li>
        <li class='slice'><a href='#'>✵</a></li>
        <li class='slice'><a href='#'>✪</a></li>
        <li class='slice'><a href='#'>☀</a></li>
</ul>
980
Ana

アナの反応は尻キックです!それは深刻なCSS-fuです。

私の解決策はあなたが望んでいるものとは全く違うかもしれませんが、それは別の可能な解決策です。私は今、コンパスインターフェースを開発中です。 Raphael とSVGを使って開発することにしました。

Illustratorで円弧形状を作成し、それにSVGをエクスポートし、エクスポートされたSVGファイルから円弧のパス定義を取得し、それを使ってインターフェイスを作成しました。

これがJSFiddleの例です

これがJavaScriptです。

var arc = {
    fill: '#333',
    stroke: '#333',
    path: 'M53.286,44.333L69.081,7.904C48.084-1.199,23.615-2.294,0.648,6.78l14.59,36.928C28.008,38.662,41.612,39.27,53.286,44.333z'
};

var paper = Raphael(document.getElementById("notepad"), 500, 500);

var arcDegrees = 45;
var centerX = 210;
var centerY = 210;
var compassRadius = 68;
var currentlyActive = 45;
var directions = [
    {label:'N', degrees:0, rotatedDegrees:270}, 
    {label:'NE', degrees:45, rotatedDegrees:315}, 
    {label:'E', degrees:90, rotatedDegrees:0}, 
    {label:'SE', degrees:135, rotatedDegrees:45}, 
    {label:'S', degrees:180, rotatedDegrees:90}, 
    {label:'SW', degrees:225, rotatedDegrees:135}, 
    {label:'W', degrees:270, rotatedDegrees:180}, 
    {label:'NW', degrees:315, rotatedDegrees:225}
];

function arcClicked()
{
    var label = $(this).data('direction-label');
    $("#activeArc").attr('id', null);
    $(this).attr('id', 'activeArc');
}

for (i = 0; i < 360; i += arcDegrees) {
    var direction = _.find(directions, function(d) { return d.rotatedDegrees == i; });
    var radians = i * (Math.PI / 180);
    var x = centerX + Math.cos(radians) * compassRadius;
    var y = centerY + Math.sin(radians) * compassRadius;

    var newArc = paper.path(arc.path);
    // newArc.translate(x, y);
    // newArc.rotate(i + 89);
    newArc.transform('T' + x + ',' + y + 'r' + (i + 89));

    if (direction.degrees == currentlyActive) {
        $(newArc.node).attr('id', 'activeArc');
    }

    $(newArc.node)
        .attr('class', 'arc')
        .data('direction-label', direction.label)
        .on('click', arcClicked);
}

これが関連CSSです。

#notepad {
    background: #f7f7f7;
    width: 500px;
    height: 500px;
}

.arc {
    fill: #999;
    stroke: #888;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.arc:hover {
    fill: #777;
    stroke: #666;
}

#activeArc {
    fill: #F18B21 !important;
    stroke: #b86a19 !important;
}
62
Elliot Larson

もう1つの非常に良い方法は、ポジショニングにJavaScriptを使用することです。

デモ+ラジアルメニューのアニメーション作成に関するチュートリアル

この方法の長所は、要素をいくつでも使用でき、CSSを変更しなくても要素を放射状に配置し続けることです。

問題のJavaScriptは次のとおりです。

var items = document.querySelectorAll('.circle a');

for(var i = 0, l = items.length; i < l; i++) {
  items[i].style.left = (50 - 35*Math.cos(-0.5 * Math.PI - 2*(1/l)*i*Math.PI)).toFixed(4) + "%";

  items[i].style.top = (50 + 35*Math.sin(-0.5 * Math.PI - 2*(1/l)*i*Math.PI)).toFixed(4) + "%";
}

document.querySelector('.menu-button').onclick = function(e) {
   e.preventDefault(); document.querySelector('.circle').classList.toggle('open');
}
16
KennyV