/ devディレクトリのデバイス名を変更する方法はありますか？

Question

私はテスト目的でこのルールを書きました：

SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ATTRS{manufacturer}=="Kingston", ATTRS{serial}=="001CC0EC34A2BB318709004B", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0951", ATTRS{idProduct}=="1642", SYMLINK+="pen", NAME="pendrak"

次の情報に基づいて：

# udevadm info --name=/dev/sdb --attribute-walk Udevadm info starts with the device specified by the devpath and then walks up the chain of parent devices. It prints for every device found, all possible attributes in the udev rules key format. A rule to match, can be composed by the attributes of the device and the attributes from one single parent device. looking at device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb2/2-5/2-5:1.0/Host2/target2:0:0/2:0:0:0/block/sdb': KERNEL=="sdb" SUBSYSTEM=="block" DRIVER=="" ATTR{ro}=="0" ATTR{size}=="30299520" ATTR{stat}==" 419 0 3352 1208 0 0 0 0 0 1120 1208" ATTR{range}=="16" ATTR{discard_alignment}=="0" ATTR{events}=="media_change" ATTR{ext_range}=="256" ATTR{events_poll_msecs}=="3000" ATTR{alignment_offset}=="0" ATTR{inflight}==" 0 0" ATTR{removable}=="1" ATTR{capability}=="51" ATTR{events_async}=="" looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb2/2-5/2-5:1.0/Host2/target2:0:0/2:0:0:0': KERNELS=="2:0:0:0" SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi" DRIVERS=="sd" ATTRS{rev}=="PMAP" ATTRS{type}=="0" ATTRS{scsi_level}=="0" ATTRS{model}=="DT 101 G2 " ATTRS{state}=="running" ATTRS{queue_type}=="none" ATTRS{iodone_cnt}=="0x2da" ATTRS{iorequest_cnt}=="0x2da" ATTRS{evt_capacity_change_reported}=="0" ATTRS{timeout}=="30" ATTRS{evt_media_change}=="0" ATTRS{max_sectors}=="240" ATTRS{ioerr_cnt}=="0x2" ATTRS{queue_depth}=="1" ATTRS{vendor}=="Kingston" ATTRS{evt_soft_threshold_reached}=="0" ATTRS{device_blocked}=="0" ATTRS{evt_mode_parameter_change_reported}=="0" ATTRS{evt_lun_change_reported}=="0" ATTRS{evt_inquiry_change_reported}=="0" ATTRS{iocounterbits}=="32" ATTRS{eh_timeout}=="10" looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb2/2-5/2-5:1.0/Host2/target2:0:0': KERNELS=="target2:0:0" SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi" DRIVERS=="" looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb2/2-5/2-5:1.0/Host2': KERNELS=="Host2" SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi" DRIVERS=="" looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb2/2-5/2-5:1.0': KERNELS=="2-5:1.0" SUBSYSTEMS=="usb" DRIVERS=="usb-storage" ATTRS{bInterfaceClass}=="08" ATTRS{bInterfaceSubClass}=="06" ATTRS{bInterfaceProtocol}=="50" ATTRS{bNumEndpoints}=="02" ATTRS{supports_autosuspend}=="1" ATTRS{bAlternateSetting}==" 0" ATTRS{bInterfaceNumber}=="00" looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb2/2-5': KERNELS=="2-5" SUBSYSTEMS=="usb" DRIVERS=="usb" ATTRS{bDeviceSubClass}=="00" ATTRS{bDeviceProtocol}=="00" ATTRS{devpath}=="5" ATTRS{idVendor}=="0951" ATTRS{speed}=="480" ATTRS{bNumInterfaces}==" 1" ATTRS{bConfigurationValue}=="1" ATTRS{bMaxPacketSize0}=="64" ATTRS{busnum}=="2" ATTRS{devnum}=="4" ATTRS{configuration}=="" ATTRS{bMaxPower}=="200mA" ATTRS{authorized}=="1" ATTRS{bmAttributes}=="80" ATTRS{bNumConfigurations}=="1" ATTRS{maxchild}=="0" ATTRS{bcdDevice}=="0100" ATTRS{avoid_reset_quirk}=="0" ATTRS{quirks}=="0x0" ATTRS{serial}=="001CC0EC34A2BB318709004B" ATTRS{version}==" 2.00" ATTRS{urbnum}=="1927" ATTRS{ltm_capable}=="no" ATTRS{manufacturer}=="Kingston" ATTRS{removable}=="unknown" ATTRS{idProduct}=="1642" ATTRS{bDeviceClass}=="00" ATTRS{product}=="DT 101 G2" looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb2': KERNELS=="usb2" SUBSYSTEMS=="usb" DRIVERS=="usb" ATTRS{bDeviceSubClass}=="00" ATTRS{bDeviceProtocol}=="00" ATTRS{devpath}=="0" ATTRS{idVendor}=="1d6b" ATTRS{speed}=="480" ATTRS{bNumInterfaces}==" 1" ATTRS{bConfigurationValue}=="1" ATTRS{bMaxPacketSize0}=="64" ATTRS{authorized_default}=="1" ATTRS{busnum}=="2" ATTRS{devnum}=="1" ATTRS{configuration}=="" ATTRS{bMaxPower}=="0mA" ATTRS{authorized}=="1" ATTRS{bmAttributes}=="e0" ATTRS{bNumConfigurations}=="1" ATTRS{maxchild}=="8" ATTRS{bcdDevice}=="0312" ATTRS{avoid_reset_quirk}=="0" ATTRS{quirks}=="0x0" ATTRS{serial}=="0000:00:1d.7" ATTRS{version}==" 2.00" ATTRS{urbnum}=="89" ATTRS{ltm_capable}=="no" ATTRS{manufacturer}=="Linux 3.12-1-AMD64 ehci_hcd" ATTRS{removable}=="unknown" ATTRS{idProduct}=="0002" ATTRS{bDeviceClass}=="09" ATTRS{product}=="EHCI Host Controller" looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7': KERNELS=="0000:00:1d.7" SUBSYSTEMS=="pci" DRIVERS=="ehci-pci" ATTRS{irq}=="23" ATTRS{subsystem_vendor}=="0x1458" ATTRS{broken_parity_status}=="0" ATTRS{class}=="0x0c0320" ATTRS{companion}=="" ATTRS{consistent_dma_mask_bits}=="32" ATTRS{dma_mask_bits}=="32" ATTRS{local_cpus}=="00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000003" ATTRS{device}=="0x27cc" ATTRS{uframe_periodic_max}=="100" ATTRS{enable}=="1" ATTRS{msi_bus}=="" ATTRS{local_cpulist}=="0-1" ATTRS{vendor}=="0x8086" ATTRS{subsystem_device}=="0x5006" ATTRS{numa_node}=="-1" ATTRS{d3cold_allowed}=="1" looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00': KERNELS=="pci0000:00" SUBSYSTEMS=="" DRIVERS==""

そして：

# udevadm info --name=/dev/sdb P: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb2/2-5/2-5:1.0/Host2/target2:0:0/2:0:0:0/block/sdb N: sdb S: disk/by-id/usb-Kingston_DT_101_G2_001CC0EC34A2BB318709004B-0:0 S: disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:5:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 S: pen E: DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-Kingston_DT_101_G2_001CC0EC34A2BB318709004B-0:0 /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:5:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 /dev/pen E: DEVNAME=/dev/sdb E: DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb2/2-5/2-5:1.0/Host2/target2:0:0/2:0:0:0/block/sdb E: DEVTYPE=disk E: ID_BUS=usb E: ID_INSTANCE=0:0 E: ID_MODEL=DT_101_G2 E: ID_MODEL_ENC=DT\x20101\x20G2\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20 E: ID_MODEL_ID=1642 E: ID_PART_TABLE_TYPE=dos E: ID_PATH=pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:5:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 E: ID_PATH_TAG=pci-0000_00_1d_7-usb-0_5_1_0-scsi-0_0_0_0 E: ID_REVISION=PMAP E: ID_SERIAL=Kingston_DT_101_G2_001CC0EC34A2BB318709004B-0:0 E: ID_SERIAL_SHORT=001CC0EC34A2BB318709004B E: ID_TYPE=disk E: ID_USB_DRIVER=usb-storage E: ID_USB_INTERFACES=:080650: E: ID_USB_INTERFACE_NUM=00 E: ID_VENDOR=Kingston E: ID_VENDOR_ENC=Kingston E: ID_VENDOR_ID=0951 E: MAJOR=8 E: MINOR=16 E: SUBSYSTEM=block E: USEC_INITIALIZED=32380484

しかし、それをテストしたいとき、それは私にこのログを与えました：

# udevadm test /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb2/2-5/2-5:1.0/Host2/target2:0:0/2:0:0:0/block/sdb calling: test version 204 This program is for debugging only, it does not run any program specified by a RUN key. It may show incorrect results, because some values may be different, or not available at a simulation run. === trie on-disk === tool version: 204 file size: 5729797 bytes header size 80 bytes strings 1262125 bytes nodes 4467592 bytes load module index Skipping overridden file: /lib/udev/rules.d/95-keymap.rules. read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/42-usb-hid-pm.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/50-firmware.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/50-udev-default.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/55-dm.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/56-lvm.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-cdrom_id.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-Fuse.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-gnupg.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-libfreenect0.2.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-libgphoto2-6.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-libpisock9.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-libsane.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-nvidia-kernel-common.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-pcmcia.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-alsa.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-input.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-serial.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-storage-dm.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-storage-tape.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-storage.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-v4l.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-virtualbox-dkms.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/60-virtualbox.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/61-accelerometer.rules read rules file: /etc/udev/rules.d/61-removable-storage-polling.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/64-btrfs.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/64-xorg-xkb.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/69-cd-sensors.rules IMPORT found builtin 'usb_id --export %p', replacing /lib/udev/rules.d/69-cd-sensors.rules:89 read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/69-libmtp.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/69-lvm-metad.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/69-xorg-vmmouse.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/70-btrfs.rules read rules file: /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-cd.rules read rules file: /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/70-power-switch.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/70-udev-acl.rules read rules file: /etc/udev/rules.d/70-zram.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/75-cd-aliases-generator.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/75-net-description.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/75-probe_mtd.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/75-tty-description.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/78-sound-card.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/80-btrfs-lvm.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/80-drivers.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/80-net-name-slot.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/80-networking.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/85-hdparm.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/85-hwclock.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/90-alsa-restore.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/90-pulseaudio.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/91-permissions.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/95-cd-devices.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/95-keyboard-force-release.rules read rules file: /etc/udev/rules.d/95-keymap.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/95-udev-late.rules read rules file: /lib/udev/rules.d/97-bluetooth-hid2hci.rules read rules file: /etc/udev/rules.d/99-local.rules rules contain 393216 bytes tokens (32768 * 12 bytes), 31233 bytes strings 27768 strings (226512 bytes), 24687 de-duplicated (198361 bytes), 3082 trie nodes used IMPORT builtin 'usb_id' /lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-storage.rules:68 /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb2/2-5/2-5:1.0: if_class 8 protocol 6 IMPORT builtin 'path_id' /lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-storage.rules:89 LINK 'disk/by-id/usb-Kingston_DT_101_G2_001CC0EC34A2BB318709004B-0:0' /lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-storage.rules:108 LINK 'disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:5:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0' /lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-storage.rules:130 IMPORT '/sbin/blkid -o udev -p /dev/sdb' /lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-storage.rules:151 starting '/sbin/blkid -o udev -p /dev/sdb' '/sbin/blkid -o udev -p /dev/sdb' [12103] exit with return code 0 RUN '/etc/init.d/hdparm hotplug' /lib/udev/rules.d/85-hdparm.rules:1 GROUP 6 /lib/udev/rules.d/91-permissions.rules:4 GROUP 25 /lib/udev/rules.d/91-permissions.rules:5 GROUP 25 /lib/udev/rules.d/91-permissions.rules:9 NAME="pendrak" ignored, kernel device nodes can not be renamed; please fix it in /etc/udev/rules.d/99-local.rules:1 LINK 'pen' /etc/udev/rules.d/99-local.rules:1 handling device node '/dev/sdb', devnum=b8:16, mode=0660, uid=0, gid=25 preserve permissions /dev/sdb, 060660, uid=0, gid=25 preserve already existing symlink '/dev/block/8:16' to '../sdb' found 'b8:16' claiming '/run/udev/links/\x2fdisk\x2fby-id\x2fusb-Kingston_DT_101_G2_001CC0EC34A2BB318709004B-0:0' creating link '/dev/disk/by-id/usb-Kingston_DT_101_G2_001CC0EC34A2BB318709004B-0:0' to '/dev/sdb' preserve already existing symlink '/dev/disk/by-id/usb-Kingston_DT_101_G2_001CC0EC34A2BB318709004B-0:0' to '../../sdb' found 'b8:16' claiming '/run/udev/links/\x2fdisk\x2fby-path\x2fpci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:5:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0' creating link '/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:5:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0' to '/dev/sdb' preserve already existing symlink '/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:5:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0' to '../../sdb' found 'b8:16' claiming '/run/udev/links/\x2fpen' creating link '/dev/pen' to '/dev/sdb' preserve already existing symlink '/dev/pen' to 'sdb' .ID_FS_TYPE_NEW= ACTION=add DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-Kingston_DT_101_G2_001CC0EC34A2BB318709004B-0:0 /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:5:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 /dev/pen DEVNAME=/dev/sdb DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb2/2-5/2-5:1.0/Host2/target2:0:0/2:0:0:0/block/sdb DEVTYPE=disk ID_BUS=usb ID_FS_TYPE= ID_INSTANCE=0:0 ID_MODEL=DT_101_G2 ID_MODEL_ENC=DT\x20101\x20G2\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20 ID_MODEL_ID=1642 ID_PART_TABLE_TYPE=dos ID_PATH=pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:5:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 ID_PATH_TAG=pci-0000_00_1d_7-usb-0_5_1_0-scsi-0_0_0_0 ID_REVISION=PMAP ID_SERIAL=Kingston_DT_101_G2_001CC0EC34A2BB318709004B-0:0 ID_SERIAL_SHORT=001CC0EC34A2BB318709004B ID_TYPE=disk ID_USB_DRIVER=usb-storage ID_USB_INTERFACES=:080650: ID_USB_INTERFACE_NUM=00 ID_VENDOR=Kingston ID_VENDOR_ENC=Kingston ID_VENDOR_ID=0951 MAJOR=8 MINOR=16 SUBSYSTEM=block USEC_INITIALIZED=32380484 run: '/etc/init.d/hdparm hotplug' unload module index

ご覧のとおり、シンボリックリンクは作成されていますが、名前は変更されていません。次のエラーが発生しました。

NAME="pendrak" ignored, kernel device nodes can not be renamed; please fix it in /etc/udev/rules.d/99-local.rules:1

もう1つは、リンクがランダムにsdb、sdb1、sdb2などを指すことです。

# ls -al /dev/pen lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 13 12:49 /dev/pen -> sdb # ls -al /dev/pen lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Mar 13 12:53 /dev/pen -> sdb2 # ls -al /dev/pen lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Mar 13 12:53 /dev/pen -> sdb1 # ls -al /dev/pen lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Mar 13 12:53 /dev/pen -> sdb2 # ls -al /dev/pen lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Mar 13 12:53 /dev/pen -> sdb3

ペンドライブを接続するたびに変わります。

ここでのタスクは、デバイスの名前をsdb（または何であれ）からpendrakに変更し、それにリンクを作成することです。「カーネルデバイスノードの名前を変更できない」というエラーが表示されました。これは、名前をまったく変更できないことを意味します。できることは、シンボリックリンクを作成することだけです。

Mikhail Morfikov · Accepted Answer

Udevマニュアルによると、/dev/ディレクトリ内のファイルの名前を変更する方法はありません。

NAME The name to use for a network interface. The name of a device node cannot be changed by udev, only additional symlinks can be created.

したがって、私の場合は、次のようなルールを記述します。

KERNEL=="sd?3", ACTION=="add", ENV{ID_SERIAL_SHORT}=="001CC0EC34A2BB318709004B", \ SYMLINK+="pen%n", \ RUN+="/usr/bin/udevil mount /dev/pen%n /mnt/dane" KERNEL=="sd?1", ACTION=="add", ENV{ID_SERIAL_SHORT}=="001CC0EC34A2BB318709004B", \ SYMLINK+="pen%n", \ RUN+="/usr/bin/udevil mount /dev/pen%n /mnt/debian" KERNEL=="sd?2", ACTION=="add", ENV{ID_SERIAL_SHORT}=="001CC0EC34A2BB318709004B", \ SYMLINK+="pen%n", \ RUN+="/sbin/cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/pen%n pen%n --key-file=/home/morfik/Desktop/pen2.key", \ RUN+="/usr/bin/udevil mount /dev/mapper/pen%n /mnt/szyfr" KERNEL=="sd?2", ACTION=="remove", ENV{ID_SERIAL_SHORT}=="001CC0EC34A2BB318709004B", \ RUN+="/sbin/cryptsetup luksClose pen%n"

それらは、pen1、pen2、pen3の3つのリンクを作成します。それぞれが対応するsdb（またはそれが何であるか）デバイスにリンクし、udevilツールを介してそれらを指定のディレクトリに開いてマウントします。