Ubuntu(または一般的にはlinux)ログのどこかに、コンピューターが起動し、起動段階で発生した問題のためにOSがロードに失敗したことを記録できる場所がありますか?
チェックインできます
/ var/log
このディレクトリにはすべての種類のログがあります
/var/log/auth.log
Record of all logins and logouts by normal users and system processes.
/ var/log/btmp
Log of all attempted bad logins to the system. Accessed via the lastb command.
/ var/log/debug
Debugging output from various packages.
/ var/log/dmesg
Kernel ring buffer. The content of this file is referred to by the dmesg command.
/ var/log/gdm /
GDM log files. Normally a subset of the last X log file. See /var/log/xdm.log for mode details.
/var/log/kdm.log
KDM log file. Normally a subset of the last X log file. See /var/log/xdm.log for more details.
/ var/log/messages
System logs.
/ var/log/pacct
Process accounting is the bookkeeping of process activity. The raw data of process activity is maintained here. Three commands can be used to access the contents of this file dump-acct, sa (summary of process accounting) and lastcomm (list the commands executed on the system).
/ var/log/utmp
Active user sessions. This is a data file and as such it can not be viewed normally. A human-readable form can be created via the dump-utmp command or through the w, who or users commands.
/ var/log/wtmp
Log of all users who have logged into and out of the system. The last command can be used to access a human readable form of this file. It also lists every connection and run-level change.
/var/log/xdm.log
XDM log file. Normally subset of the last X startup log and pretty much useless in light of the details the X logs is able to provide us with. Only consult this file if you have XDM specific issues otherwise just use the X logfile.
/var/log/XFree86.0.log、/var/log/XFree86.?.log
X startup logfile. An excellent resource for uncovering problems with X configuration. Log files are numbered according to when they were last used. For example, the last log file would be stored in /var/log/XFree86.0.log, the next /var/log/XFree86.9.log, so on and so forth.
/ var/log/syslog
The 'system' log file. The contents of this file is managed via the syslogd daemon which more often than not takes care of all log manipulation on most systems.
Shekhar Rautの答えは正しいと思いますが、リストはもう少し短くなると思います。
OPは起動について尋ねているだけなので、Linuxのカーネルログ(一般)は次の場所にあります。
/var/log/messages
したがって、何らかのハードウェアの問題が原因で起動に失敗する場合は、これが最初に確認する必要があります。
更新:
Ubuntuは12.04以降にこのログファイルを削除したようです(未確認)。現在、システムログを検索する適切な場所は次のとおりです。
/var/log/syslog
Ubuntu 12.04(AFAIK)以降、/var/log/boot.log
があり、初期ブートからの出力をログに記録します。
/var/log/kern.log
ブート中にカーネルによって生成されたログが含まれます。起動後、イベントはほとんど追加されませんが、各エントリのアップタイムが表示されます