jqを使用してJSON文字列をテーブルとしてフォーマットするにはどうすればよいですか？
Bashスクリプティングから始めて、jqを見つけてJSONで動作するようになりました。
以下のようなJSON文字列を、端末での出力用のテーブルに変換する必要があります。
[{
"name": "George",
"id": 12,
"email": "[email protected]"
}, {
"name": "Jack",
"id": 18,
"email": "[email protected]"
}, {
"name": "Joe",
"id": 19,
"email": "[email protected]"
}]
ターミナルに表示するもの：
ID Name
=================
12 George
18 Jack
19 Joe
各行のメールプロパティを表示したくないので、jqコマンドにはフィルタリングが必要です。以下に、名前とIDの簡単なリストを示します。
list=$(echo "$data" | jq -r '.[] | .name, .id')
printf "$list"
問題は、テーブルのように表示できないことです。 jqにはいくつかのフォーマットオプションがあることは知っていますが、printfを使用するときに持っているオプションほど良くありません。これらの値を配列で取得したいので、自分でループして書式設定を行うことができます...？試したことでさまざまな結果が得られましたが、本当に欲しいものはありませんでした。
誰かが私を正しい方向に向けることができますか？
次のようなものはなぜですか：
echo '[{
"name": "George",
"id": 12,
"email": "[email protected]"
}, {
"name": "Jack",
"id": 18,
"email": "[email protected]"
}, {
"name": "Joe",
"id": 19,
"email": "[email protected]"
}]' | jq -r '.[] | "\(.id)\t\(.name)"'
出力
12 George
18 Jack
19 Joe
編集1：きめ細かい書式設定には、awkなどのツールを使用します
echo '[{
"name": "George",
"id": 12,
"email": "[email protected]"
}, {
"name": "Jack",
"id": 18,
"email": "[email protected]"
}, {
"name": "Joe",
"id": 19,
"email": "[email protected]"
}]' | jq -r '.[] | [.id, .name] | @csv' | awk -v FS="," 'BEGIN{print "ID\tName";print "============"}{printf "%s\t%s%s",$1,$2,ORS}'
ID Name
============
12 "George"
18 "Jack"
19 "Joe"
編集2：への返信
Jqから直接配列を含む変数を取得する方法はありませんか？
何故なの？
電子メールが配列に変更される少し複雑な例（実際にはあなたのものから変更された）はこれを示しています
echo '[{
"name": "George",
"id": 20,
"email": [ "[email protected]" , "[email protected]" ]
}, {
"name": "Jack",
"id": 18,
"email": [ "[email protected]" , "[email protected]" ]
}, {
"name": "Joe",
"id": 19,
"email": [ "[email protected]" ]
}]' | jq -r '.[] | .email'
出力
[
"[email protected]",
"[email protected]"
]
[
"[email protected]",
"[email protected]"
]
[
"[email protected]"
]
@tsvフィルターの使用は、主に多くの「エッジケース」を標準的な方法で処理するため、多くの推奨事項があります。
.[] | [.id, .name] | @tsv
ヘッダーの追加は次のように実行できます。
jq -r '["ID","NAME"], ["--","------"], (.[] | [.id, .name]) | @tsv'
結果：
ID NAME
-- ------
12 George
18 Jack
19 Joe
手作業でヘッダーを定義するのは最適ではありません！ヘッダーを省略することも最適ではありません。
TL; DR
$ grep -e . /tmp/data /tmp/jq-scrigt
/tmp/data:[{ "name": "George", "id": 12, "email": "[email protected]" },
/tmp/data:{ "name": "Jack", "id": 18, "email": "[email protected]" },
/tmp/data:{ "name": "Joe", "id": 19, "email": "[email protected]" }]
/tmp/jq-scrigt: [.[]| with_entries( .key |= ascii_downcase ) ]
/tmp/jq-scrigt:| (.[0] |keys_unsorted | @tsv)
/tmp/jq-scrigt: , (.[]|.|map(.) |@tsv)
$ < /tmp/data jq -rf /tmp/jq-scrigt | column -t
name id email
George 12 [email protected]
Jack 18 [email protected]
Joe 19 [email protected]
アマゾンウェブサービスからいくつかのデータをまとめているときに、この質問を見つけました。あなたが別の例を必要とする場合のために、私が取り組んでいた問題：
$ aws ec2 describe-spot-instance-requests | tee /tmp/ins |
jq --raw-output '
# extract instances as a flat list.
[.SpotInstanceRequests | .[]
# remove unwanted data
| {
State,
statusCode: .Status.Code,
type: .LaunchSpecification.InstanceType,
blockPrice: .ActualBlockHourlyPrice,
created: .CreateTime,
SpotInstanceRequestId}
]
# lowercase keys
# (for predictable sorting, optional)
| [.[]| with_entries( .key |= ascii_downcase ) ]
| (.[0] |keys_unsorted | @tsv) # print headers
, (.[]|.|map(.) |@tsv) # print table
' | column -t
出力：
state statuscode type blockprice created spotinstancerequestid
closed instance-terminated-by-user t3.nano 0.002000 2019-02-24T15:21:36.000Z sir-r5bh7skq
cancelled bad-parameters t3.nano 0.002000 2019-02-24T14:51:47.000Z sir-1k9s5h3m
closed instance-terminated-by-user t3.nano 0.002000 2019-02-24T14:55:26.000Z sir-43x16b6n
cancelled bad-parameters t3.nano 0.002000 2019-02-24T14:29:23.000Z sir-2jsh5brn
active fulfilled t3.nano 0.002000 2019-02-24T15:37:26.000Z sir-z1e9591m
cancelled bad-parameters t3.nano 0.002000 2019-02-24T14:33:42.000Z sir-n7c15y5p
入力：
$ cat /tmp/ins
{
"SpotInstanceRequests": [
{
"Status": {
"Message": "2019-02-24T15:29:38+0000 : 2019-02-24T15:29:38+0000 : Spot Instance terminated due to user-initiated termination.",
"Code": "instance-terminated-by-user",
"UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T15:31:03.000Z"
},
"ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000",
"ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T15:21:36.000Z",
"InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate",
"Tags": [],
"InstanceId": "i-0414083bef5e91d94",
"BlockDurationMinutes": 60,
"SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-r5bh7skq",
"State": "closed",
"ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX",
"LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a",
"LaunchSpecification": {
"Placement": {
"Tenancy": "default",
"AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
},
"ImageId": "AMI-6d27a913",
"BlockDeviceMappings": [
{
"DeviceName": "/dev/sda1",
"VirtualName": "root",
"NoDevice": "",
"Ebs": {
"Encrypted": false,
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"VolumeType": "gp2",
"VolumeSize": 8
}
}
],
"EbsOptimized": false,
"SecurityGroups": [
{
"GroupName": "default"
}
],
"Monitoring": {
"Enabled": false
},
"InstanceType": "t3.nano",
"AddressingType": "public",
"NetworkInterfaces": [
{
"DeviceIndex": 0,
"Description": "eth-zero",
"NetworkInterfaceId": "",
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b",
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
}
]
},
"Type": "one-time",
"CreateTime": "2019-02-24T15:21:36.000Z",
"SpotPrice": "0.008000"
},
{
"Status": {
"Message": "Your Spot request failed due to bad parameters.",
"Code": "bad-parameters",
"UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T14:51:48.000Z"
},
"ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000",
"ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T14:51:47.000Z",
"InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate",
"Tags": [],
"Fault": {
"Message": "Invalid device name /dev/sda",
"Code": "InvalidBlockDeviceMapping"
},
"BlockDurationMinutes": 60,
"SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-1k9s5h3m",
"State": "cancelled",
"ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX",
"LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a",
"LaunchSpecification": {
"Placement": {
"Tenancy": "default",
"AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
},
"ImageId": "AMI-6d27a913",
"BlockDeviceMappings": [
{
"DeviceName": "/dev/sda",
"VirtualName": "root",
"NoDevice": "",
"Ebs": {
"Encrypted": false,
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"VolumeType": "gp2",
"VolumeSize": 8
}
}
],
"EbsOptimized": false,
"SecurityGroups": [
{
"GroupName": "default"
}
],
"Monitoring": {
"Enabled": false
},
"InstanceType": "t3.nano",
"AddressingType": "public",
"NetworkInterfaces": [
{
"DeviceIndex": 0,
"Description": "eth-zero",
"NetworkInterfaceId": "",
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b",
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
}
]
},
"Type": "one-time",
"CreateTime": "2019-02-24T14:51:47.000Z",
"SpotPrice": "0.011600"
},
{
"Status": {
"Message": "2019-02-24T15:02:17+0000 : 2019-02-24T15:02:17+0000 : Spot Instance terminated due to user-initiated termination.",
"Code": "instance-terminated-by-user",
"UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T15:03:34.000Z"
},
"ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000",
"ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T14:55:26.000Z",
"InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate",
"Tags": [],
"InstanceId": "i-010442ac3cc85ec08",
"BlockDurationMinutes": 60,
"SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-43x16b6n",
"State": "closed",
"ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX",
"LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a",
"LaunchSpecification": {
"Placement": {
"Tenancy": "default",
"AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
},
"ImageId": "AMI-6d27a913",
"BlockDeviceMappings": [
{
"DeviceName": "/dev/sda1",
"VirtualName": "root",
"NoDevice": "",
"Ebs": {
"Encrypted": false,
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"VolumeType": "gp2",
"VolumeSize": 8
}
}
],
"EbsOptimized": false,
"SecurityGroups": [
{
"GroupName": "default"
}
],
"Monitoring": {
"Enabled": false
},
"InstanceType": "t3.nano",
"AddressingType": "public",
"NetworkInterfaces": [
{
"DeviceIndex": 0,
"Description": "eth-zero",
"NetworkInterfaceId": "",
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b",
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
}
]
},
"Type": "one-time",
"CreateTime": "2019-02-24T14:55:26.000Z",
"SpotPrice": "0.011600"
},
{
"Status": {
"Message": "Your Spot request failed due to bad parameters.",
"Code": "bad-parameters",
"UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T14:29:24.000Z"
},
"ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000",
"ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T14:29:23.000Z",
"InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate",
"Tags": [],
"Fault": {
"Message": "Addressing type must be 'public'",
"Code": "InvalidParameterCombination"
},
"BlockDurationMinutes": 60,
"SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-2jsh5brn",
"State": "cancelled",
"ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX",
"LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a",
"LaunchSpecification": {
"Placement": {
"Tenancy": "default",
"AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
},
"ImageId": "AMI-6d27a913",
"BlockDeviceMappings": [
{
"DeviceName": "/dev/sda",
"VirtualName": "root",
"NoDevice": "",
"Ebs": {
"Encrypted": false,
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"VolumeType": "gp2",
"VolumeSize": 8
}
}
],
"EbsOptimized": false,
"SecurityGroups": [
{
"GroupName": "default"
}
],
"Monitoring": {
"Enabled": false
},
"InstanceType": "t3.nano",
"AddressingType": "",
"NetworkInterfaces": [
{
"DeviceIndex": 0,
"Description": "eth-zero",
"NetworkInterfaceId": "",
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b",
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
}
]
},
"Type": "one-time",
"CreateTime": "2019-02-24T14:29:23.000Z",
"SpotPrice": "0.011600"
},
{
"Status": {
"Message": "Your spot request is fulfilled.",
"Code": "fulfilled",
"UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T15:37:28.000Z"
},
"ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000",
"ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T15:37:26.000Z",
"InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate",
"Tags": [],
"InstanceId": "i-0a29e9de6d59d433f",
"BlockDurationMinutes": 60,
"SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-z1e9591m",
"State": "active",
"ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX",
"LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a",
"LaunchSpecification": {
"Placement": {
"Tenancy": "default",
"AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
},
"ImageId": "AMI-6d27a913",
"BlockDeviceMappings": [
{
"DeviceName": "/dev/sda1",
"VirtualName": "root",
"NoDevice": "",
"Ebs": {
"Encrypted": false,
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"VolumeType": "gp2",
"VolumeSize": 8
}
}
],
"EbsOptimized": false,
"SecurityGroups": [
{
"GroupName": "default"
}
],
"Monitoring": {
"Enabled": false
},
"InstanceType": "t3.nano",
"AddressingType": "public",
"NetworkInterfaces": [
{
"DeviceIndex": 0,
"Description": "eth-zero",
"NetworkInterfaceId": "",
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b",
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
}
]
},
"Type": "one-time",
"CreateTime": "2019-02-24T15:37:26.000Z",
"SpotPrice": "0.008000"
},
{
"Status": {
"Message": "Your Spot request failed due to bad parameters.",
"Code": "bad-parameters",
"UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T14:33:43.000Z"
},
"ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000",
"ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T14:33:42.000Z",
"InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate",
"Tags": [],
"Fault": {
"Message": "Invalid device name /dev/sda",
"Code": "InvalidBlockDeviceMapping"
},
"BlockDurationMinutes": 60,
"SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-n7c15y5p",
"State": "cancelled",
"ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX",
"LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a",
"LaunchSpecification": {
"Placement": {
"Tenancy": "default",
"AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
},
"ImageId": "AMI-6d27a913",
"BlockDeviceMappings": [
{
"DeviceName": "/dev/sda",
"VirtualName": "root",
"NoDevice": "",
"Ebs": {
"Encrypted": false,
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"VolumeType": "gp2",
"VolumeSize": 8
}
}
],
"EbsOptimized": false,
"SecurityGroups": [
{
"GroupName": "default"
}
],
"Monitoring": {
"Enabled": false
},
"InstanceType": "t3.nano",
"AddressingType": "public",
"NetworkInterfaces": [
{
"DeviceIndex": 0,
"Description": "eth-zero",
"NetworkInterfaceId": "",
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b",
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
}
]
},
"Type": "one-time",
"CreateTime": "2019-02-24T14:33:42.000Z",
"SpotPrice": "0.011600"
}
]
}
値にスペースが含まれていない場合、これが役立つ場合があります。
read -r -a data <<<'name1 value1 name2 value2'
echo "name value"
echo "=========="
for ((i=0; i<${#data[@]}; i+=2)); do
echo ${data[$i]} ${data[$((i+1))]}
done
出力
name value
==========
name1 value1
name2 value2