点と線分の間の最短距離を見つけるための基本関数が必要です。あなたが望む任意の言語でソリューションを自由に書いてください。私はそれを私が使っているもの(Javascript)に翻訳することができます。
編集:私の線分は2つの端点で定義されています。それで私の線分AB
はA (x1,y1)
とB (x2,y2)
の二つの点で定義されます。この線分とC (x3,y3)
の間の距離を見つけようとしています。私の幾何学のスキルはさびています、それで私が見た例は混乱しています、私は認めて申し訳ありません。
エリ、あなたが決めたコードは正しくありません。セグメントがある線の近くにあるがセグメントの一方の端から遠い点は、セグメントの近くで誤って判断されます。 更新:記載されている間違った答えはもはや受け入れられたものではありません。
これはC++での正しいコードです。これは、基本的に、加算、減算、拡大縮小などを行う演算子と、距離と内積の関数(つまりclass vec2 {float x,y;}
)を持つクラス2Dベクトルx1 x2 + y1 y2
を前提としています。
float minimum_distance(vec2 v, vec2 w, vec2 p) {
// Return minimum distance between line segment vw and point p
const float l2 = length_squared(v, w); // i.e. |w-v|^2 - avoid a sqrt
if (l2 == 0.0) return distance(p, v); // v == w case
// Consider the line extending the segment, parameterized as v + t (w - v).
// We find projection of point p onto the line.
// It falls where t = [(p-v) . (w-v)] / |w-v|^2
// We clamp t from [0,1] to handle points outside the segment vw.
const float t = max(0, min(1, dot(p - v, w - v) / l2));
const vec2 projection = v + t * (w - v); // Projection falls on the segment
return distance(p, projection);
}
編集:私はJavascriptの実装を必要としていたので、ここでそれは、依存関係(またはコメントなし)です、しかし、それは上記の直接のポートです)。ポイントはx
およびy
属性を持つオブジェクトとして表されます。
function sqr(x) { return x * x }
function dist2(v, w) { return sqr(v.x - w.x) + sqr(v.y - w.y) }
function distToSegmentSquared(p, v, w) {
var l2 = dist2(v, w);
if (l2 == 0) return dist2(p, v);
var t = ((p.x - v.x) * (w.x - v.x) + (p.y - v.y) * (w.y - v.y)) / l2;
t = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, t));
return dist2(p, { x: v.x + t * (w.x - v.x),
y: v.y + t * (w.y - v.y) });
}
function distToSegment(p, v, w) { return Math.sqrt(distToSegmentSquared(p, v, w)); }
編集2:私はJavaバージョンが必要でしたが、もっと重要なことに、2dではなく3dでそれを必要としました。
float dist_to_segment_squared(float px, float py, float pz, float lx1, float ly1, float lz1, float lx2, float ly2, float lz2) {
float line_dist = dist_sq(lx1, ly1, lz1, lx2, ly2, lz2);
if (line_dist == 0) return dist_sq(px, py, pz, lx1, ly1, lz1);
float t = ((px - lx1) * (lx2 - lx1) + (py - ly1) * (ly2 - ly1) + (pz - lz1) * (lz2 - lz1)) / line_dist;
t = constrain(t, 0, 1);
return dist_sq(px, py, pz, lx1 + t * (lx2 - lx1), ly1 + t * (ly2 - ly1), lz1 + t * (lz2 - lz1));
}
これがJavascriptの最も単純な完全なコードです。
x、yはターゲットポイントで、x 1、y 1からx 2、y 2はラインセグメントです。
更新:コメントからの長さ0行の問題を修正しました。
function pDistance(x, y, x1, y1, x2, y2) {
var A = x - x1;
var B = y - y1;
var C = x2 - x1;
var D = y2 - y1;
var dot = A * C + B * D;
var len_sq = C * C + D * D;
var param = -1;
if (len_sq != 0) //in case of 0 length line
param = dot / len_sq;
var xx, yy;
if (param < 0) {
xx = x1;
yy = y1;
}
else if (param > 1) {
xx = x2;
yy = y2;
}
else {
xx = x1 + param * C;
yy = y1 + param * D;
}
var dx = x - xx;
var dy = y - yy;
return Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
}
これはFINITE LINE SEGMENTSのために作られた実装であり、他のほとんどの関数のように無限の行ではないようです(私がこれを作ったのはそのためです)。
Python:
def dist(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3): # x3,y3 is the point
px = x2-x1
py = y2-y1
norm = px*px + py*py
u = ((x3 - x1) * px + (y3 - y1) * py) / float(norm)
if u > 1:
u = 1
Elif u < 0:
u = 0
x = x1 + u * px
y = y1 + u * py
dx = x - x3
dy = y - y3
# Note: If the actual distance does not matter,
# if you only want to compare what this function
# returns to other results of this function, you
# can just return the squared distance instead
# (i.e. remove the sqrt) to gain a little performance
dist = (dx*dx + dy*dy)**.5
return dist
AS3:
public static function segmentDistToPoint(segA:Point, segB:Point, p:Point):Number
{
var p2:Point = new Point(segB.x - segA.x, segB.y - segA.y);
var something:Number = p2.x*p2.x + p2.y*p2.y;
var u:Number = ((p.x - segA.x) * p2.x + (p.y - segA.y) * p2.y) / something;
if (u > 1)
u = 1;
else if (u < 0)
u = 0;
var x:Number = segA.x + u * p2.x;
var y:Number = segA.y + u * p2.y;
var dx:Number = x - p.x;
var dy:Number = y - p.y;
var dist:Number = Math.sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy);
return dist;
}
Java
private double shortestDistance(float x1,float y1,float x2,float y2,float x3,float y3)
{
float px=x2-x1;
float py=y2-y1;
float temp=(px*px)+(py*py);
float u=((x3 - x1) * px + (y3 - y1) * py) / (temp);
if(u>1){
u=1;
}
else if(u<0){
u=0;
}
float x = x1 + u * px;
float y = y1 + u * py;
float dx = x - x3;
float dy = y - y3;
double dist = Math.sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy);
return dist;
}
私自身の質問スレッド では、C、C#/ .NET 2.0またはJavaのすべての場合において、点と線分の間の最短の2D距離をどのように計算しますか? 私が見つけたときに私はここにC#の答えを入れるように頼まれました:だからここで、それは http://www.topcoder.com/tc?d1=tutorials&d2=geometry1&module=Static :
//Compute the dot product AB . BC
private double DotProduct(double[] pointA, double[] pointB, double[] pointC)
{
double[] AB = new double[2];
double[] BC = new double[2];
AB[0] = pointB[0] - pointA[0];
AB[1] = pointB[1] - pointA[1];
BC[0] = pointC[0] - pointB[0];
BC[1] = pointC[1] - pointB[1];
double dot = AB[0] * BC[0] + AB[1] * BC[1];
return dot;
}
//Compute the cross product AB x AC
private double CrossProduct(double[] pointA, double[] pointB, double[] pointC)
{
double[] AB = new double[2];
double[] AC = new double[2];
AB[0] = pointB[0] - pointA[0];
AB[1] = pointB[1] - pointA[1];
AC[0] = pointC[0] - pointA[0];
AC[1] = pointC[1] - pointA[1];
double cross = AB[0] * AC[1] - AB[1] * AC[0];
return cross;
}
//Compute the distance from A to B
double Distance(double[] pointA, double[] pointB)
{
double d1 = pointA[0] - pointB[0];
double d2 = pointA[1] - pointB[1];
return Math.Sqrt(d1 * d1 + d2 * d2);
}
//Compute the distance from AB to C
//if isSegment is true, AB is a segment, not a line.
double LineToPointDistance2D(double[] pointA, double[] pointB, double[] pointC,
bool isSegment)
{
double dist = CrossProduct(pointA, pointB, pointC) / Distance(pointA, pointB);
if (isSegment)
{
double dot1 = DotProduct(pointA, pointB, pointC);
if (dot1 > 0)
return Distance(pointB, pointC);
double dot2 = DotProduct(pointB, pointA, pointC);
if (dot2 > 0)
return Distance(pointA, pointC);
}
return Math.Abs(dist);
}
私は答えるのではなく質問をするので、私は何らかの理由で百万の票を得ないで批評家を組むことを望みます。このスレッドの解決策は、ある異国語(Fortran、Mathematica)を使っているか、誰かが間違っているとタグ付けしているので、他の誰かのアイデアを共有したいと思っていました。私にとって(Grumdrigによる)唯一の有用なものはC++で書かれており、誰もそれを間違っているとタグ付けしたことはありません。しかし、呼び出されるメソッド(ドットなど)が欠けています。
F#では、点c
からa
とb
の間の線分までの距離は、次の式で与えられます。
let pointToLineSegmentDistance (a: Vector, b: Vector) (c: Vector) =
let d = b - a
let s = d.Length
let lambda = (c - a) * d / s
let p = (lambda |> max 0.0 |> min s) * d / s
(a + p - c).Length
ベクトルd
は、線分に沿ってa
からb
を指します。 d/s
とc-a
の内積は、無限直線と点c
の間の最接近点のパラメータを与えます。 min
およびmax
関数は、このパラメーターがa
とb
の間になるように、このパラメーターを範囲0..s
に固定するために使用されます。最後に、a+p-c
の長さはc
からラインセグメント上の最も近い点までの距離です。
使用例
pointToLineSegmentDistance (Vector(0.0, 0.0), Vector(1.0, 0.0)) (Vector(-1.0, 1.0))
それは線分のパラメトリック記述を使用し、線分によって定義された線に点を投影します。パラメータがセグメント内で0から1になるにつれて、投影がこの範囲外にある場合は、セグメントに垂直な直線ではなく、対応する端点までの距離を計算します。
Clear["Global`*"];
distance[{start_, end_}, pt_] :=
Module[{param},
param = ((pt - start).(end - start))/Norm[end - start]^2; (*parameter. the "."
here means vector product*)
Which[
param < 0, EuclideanDistance[start, pt], (*If outside bounds*)
param > 1, EuclideanDistance[end, pt],
True, EuclideanDistance[pt, start + param (end - start)] (*Normal distance*)
]
];
プロット結果
Plot3D[distance[{{0, 0}, {1, 0}}, {xp, yp}], {xp, -1, 2}, {yp, -1, 2}]
これらの点をカットオフ距離よりも近くにプロットします。
等高線図:
興味のある方は、JoshuaのJavascriptコードをObjective-Cに簡単に変換してください。
- (double)distanceToPoint:(CGPoint)p fromLineSegmentBetween:(CGPoint)l1 and:(CGPoint)l2
{
double A = p.x - l1.x;
double B = p.y - l1.y;
double C = l2.x - l1.x;
double D = l2.y - l1.y;
double dot = A * C + B * D;
double len_sq = C * C + D * D;
double param = dot / len_sq;
double xx, yy;
if (param < 0 || (l1.x == l2.x && l1.y == l2.y)) {
xx = l1.x;
yy = l1.y;
}
else if (param > 1) {
xx = l2.x;
yy = l2.y;
}
else {
xx = l1.x + param * C;
yy = l1.y + param * D;
}
double dx = p.x - xx;
double dy = p.y - yy;
return sqrtf(dx * dx + dy * dy);
}
私はMKMapPoint
と連携するためにこの解決策を必要としていたので、他の誰かがそれを必要とする場合に備えてそれを共有します。ちょっとした小さな変更で、これはメートル単位の距離を返します。
- (double)distanceToPoint:(MKMapPoint)p fromLineSegmentBetween:(MKMapPoint)l1 and:(MKMapPoint)l2
{
double A = p.x - l1.x;
double B = p.y - l1.y;
double C = l2.x - l1.x;
double D = l2.y - l1.y;
double dot = A * C + B * D;
double len_sq = C * C + D * D;
double param = dot / len_sq;
double xx, yy;
if (param < 0 || (l1.x == l2.x && l1.y == l2.y)) {
xx = l1.x;
yy = l1.y;
}
else if (param > 1) {
xx = l2.x;
yy = l2.y;
}
else {
xx = l1.x + param * C;
yy = l1.y + param * D;
}
return MKMetersBetweenMapPoints(p, MKMapPointMake(xx, yy));
}
こんにちは、私は昨日この記事を書きました。同じPointクラスがない場合もありますが、基本的にはJavascriptです。
//st = start of line segment
//b = the line segment (as in: st + b = end of line segment)
//pt = point to test
//Returns distance from point to line segment.
//Note: nearest point on the segment to the test point is right there if we ever need it
public static function linePointDist( st:Point, b:Point, pt:Point ):Number
{
var nearestPt:Point; //closest point on seqment to pt
var keyDot:Number = dot( b, pt.subtract( st ) ); //key dot product
var bLenSq:Number = dot( b, b ); //Segment length squared
if( keyDot <= 0 ) //pt is "behind" st, use st
{
nearestPt = st
}
else if( keyDot >= bLenSq ) //pt is "past" end of segment, use end (notice we are saving twin sqrts here cuz)
{
nearestPt = st.add(b);
}
else //pt is inside segment, reuse keyDot and bLenSq to get percent of seqment to move in to find closest point
{
var keyDotToPctOfB:Number = keyDot/bLenSq; //REM dot product comes squared
var partOfB:Point = new Point( b.x * keyDotToPctOfB, b.y * keyDotToPctOfB );
nearestPt = st.add(partOfB);
}
var dist:Number = (pt.subtract(nearestPt)).length;
return dist;
}
また、ここで問題のかなり完全で読みやすい議論があります。 notejot.com
怠け者のために、これが上記@ GrumdrigのソリューションのObjective-Cポートです。
CGFloat sqr(CGFloat x) { return x*x; }
CGFloat dist2(CGPoint v, CGPoint w) { return sqr(v.x - w.x) + sqr(v.y - w.y); }
CGFloat distanceToSegmentSquared(CGPoint p, CGPoint v, CGPoint w)
{
CGFloat l2 = dist2(v, w);
if (l2 == 0.0f) return dist2(p, v);
CGFloat t = ((p.x - v.x) * (w.x - v.x) + (p.y - v.y) * (w.y - v.y)) / l2;
if (t < 0.0f) return dist2(p, v);
if (t > 1.0f) return dist2(p, w);
return dist2(p, CGPointMake(v.x + t * (w.x - v.x), v.y + t * (w.y - v.y)));
}
CGFloat distanceToSegment(CGPoint point, CGPoint segmentPointV, CGPoint segmentPointW)
{
return sqrtf(distanceToSegmentSquared(point, segmentPointV, segmentPointW));
}
Pythonでそれをコーディングすることに抵抗できませんでした:)
from math import sqrt, fabs
def pdis(a, b, c):
t = b[0]-a[0], b[1]-a[1] # Vector ab
dd = sqrt(t[0]**2+t[1]**2) # Length of ab
t = t[0]/dd, t[1]/dd # unit vector of ab
n = -t[1], t[0] # normal unit vector to ab
ac = c[0]-a[0], c[1]-a[1] # vector ac
return fabs(ac[0]*n[0]+ac[1]*n[1]) # Projection of ac to n (the minimum distance)
print pdis((1,1), (2,2), (2,0)) # Example (answer is 1.414)
fortranのための同上:)
real function pdis(a, b, c)
real, dimension(0:1), intent(in) :: a, b, c
real, dimension(0:1) :: t, n, ac
real :: dd
t = b - a ! Vector ab
dd = sqrt(t(0)**2+t(1)**2) ! Length of ab
t = t/dd ! unit vector of ab
n = (/-t(1), t(0)/) ! normal unit vector to ab
ac = c - a ! vector ac
pdis = abs(ac(0)*n(0)+ac(1)*n(1)) ! Projection of ac to n (the minimum distance)
end function pdis
program test
print *, pdis((/1.0,1.0/), (/2.0,2.0/), (/2.0,0.0/)) ! Example (answer is 1.414)
end program test
これがGrumdrigのソリューションのより完全な綴りです。このバージョンはまた最も近い点自体を返します。
#include "stdio.h"
#include "math.h"
class Vec2
{
public:
float _x;
float _y;
Vec2()
{
_x = 0;
_y = 0;
}
Vec2( const float x, const float y )
{
_x = x;
_y = y;
}
Vec2 operator+( const Vec2 &v ) const
{
return Vec2( this->_x + v._x, this->_y + v._y );
}
Vec2 operator-( const Vec2 &v ) const
{
return Vec2( this->_x - v._x, this->_y - v._y );
}
Vec2 operator*( const float f ) const
{
return Vec2( this->_x * f, this->_y * f );
}
float DistanceToSquared( const Vec2 p ) const
{
const float dX = p._x - this->_x;
const float dY = p._y - this->_y;
return dX * dX + dY * dY;
}
float DistanceTo( const Vec2 p ) const
{
return sqrt( this->DistanceToSquared( p ) );
}
float DotProduct( const Vec2 p ) const
{
return this->_x * p._x + this->_y * p._y;
}
};
// return minimum distance between line segment vw and point p, and the closest point on the line segment, q
float DistanceFromLineSegmentToPoint( const Vec2 v, const Vec2 w, const Vec2 p, Vec2 * const q )
{
const float distSq = v.DistanceToSquared( w ); // i.e. |w-v|^2 ... avoid a sqrt
if ( distSq == 0.0 )
{
// v == w case
(*q) = v;
return v.DistanceTo( p );
}
// consider the line extending the segment, parameterized as v + t (w - v)
// we find projection of point p onto the line
// it falls where t = [(p-v) . (w-v)] / |w-v|^2
const float t = ( p - v ).DotProduct( w - v ) / distSq;
if ( t < 0.0 )
{
// beyond the v end of the segment
(*q) = v;
return v.DistanceTo( p );
}
else if ( t > 1.0 )
{
// beyond the w end of the segment
(*q) = w;
return w.DistanceTo( p );
}
// projection falls on the segment
const Vec2 projection = v + ( ( w - v ) * t );
(*q) = projection;
return p.DistanceTo( projection );
}
float DistanceFromLineSegmentToPoint( float segmentX1, float segmentY1, float segmentX2, float segmentY2, float pX, float pY, float *qX, float *qY )
{
Vec2 q;
float distance = DistanceFromLineSegmentToPoint( Vec2( segmentX1, segmentY1 ), Vec2( segmentX2, segmentY2 ), Vec2( pX, pY ), &q );
(*qX) = q._x;
(*qY) = q._y;
return distance;
}
void TestDistanceFromLineSegmentToPoint( float segmentX1, float segmentY1, float segmentX2, float segmentY2, float pX, float pY )
{
float qX;
float qY;
float d = DistanceFromLineSegmentToPoint( segmentX1, segmentY1, segmentX2, segmentY2, pX, pY, &qX, &qY );
printf( "line segment = ( ( %f, %f ), ( %f, %f ) ), p = ( %f, %f ), distance = %f, q = ( %f, %f )\n",
segmentX1, segmentY1, segmentX2, segmentY2, pX, pY, d, qX, qY );
}
void TestDistanceFromLineSegmentToPoint()
{
TestDistanceFromLineSegmentToPoint( 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0 );
TestDistanceFromLineSegmentToPoint( 0, 0, 20, 10, 5, 4 );
TestDistanceFromLineSegmentToPoint( 0, 0, 20, 10, 30, 15 );
TestDistanceFromLineSegmentToPoint( 0, 0, 20, 10, -30, 15 );
TestDistanceFromLineSegmentToPoint( 0, 0, 10, 0, 5, 1 );
TestDistanceFromLineSegmentToPoint( 0, 0, 0, 10, 1, 5 );
}
アークタンジェントを使った1行の解法:
アイデアはAを(0、0)に移動し、三角形を時計回りに回転させて_ c _にすることです。 これが起こると、X軸上に横たわり、までの距離になります。
C#
public double Distance(Point a, Point b, Point c)
{
// normalize points
Point cn = new Point(c.X - a.X, c.Y - a.Y);
Point bn = new Point(b.X - a.X, b.Y - a.Y);
double angle = Math.Atan2(bn.Y, bn.X) - Math.Atan2(cn.Y, cn.X);
double abLength = Math.Sqrt(bn.X*bn.X + bn.Y*bn.Y);
return Math.Sin(angle)*abLength;
}
1行のC#(SQLに変換されます)
double distance = Math.Sin(Math.Atan2(b.Y - a.Y, b.X - a.X) - Math.Atan2(c.Y - a.Y, c.X - a.X)) * Math.Sqrt((b.X - a.X) * (b.X - a.X) + (b.Y - a.Y) * (b.Y - a.Y))
上記のGrumdrigの回答に対するこの修正を検討してください。多くの場合、浮動小数点の不正確さが問題を引き起こす可能性があることに気付くでしょう。私は下のバージョンで倍精度を使用していますが、あなたは簡単にフロートに変更することができます。重要な部分は、「スロップ」を処理するためにイプシロンを使用することです。さらに、交差がどこで発生したのか、またはそれがまったく発生したのかを知りたいことが何度もあります。返されたtが<0.0または> 1.0の場合、衝突は発生しませんでした。ただし、衝突が発生しなくても、セグメント上のPに最も近い点がどこにあるかを知りたい場合が多いので、この場所を返すにはqxとqyを使用します。
double PointSegmentDistanceSquared( double px, double py,
double p1x, double p1y,
double p2x, double p2y,
double& t,
double& qx, double& qy)
{
static const double kMinSegmentLenSquared = 0.00000001; // adjust to suit. If you use float, you'll probably want something like 0.000001f
static const double kEpsilon = 1.0E-14; // adjust to suit. If you use floats, you'll probably want something like 1E-7f
double dx = p2x - p1x;
double dy = p2y - p1y;
double dp1x = px - p1x;
double dp1y = py - p1y;
const double segLenSquared = (dx * dx) + (dy * dy);
if (segLenSquared >= -kMinSegmentLenSquared && segLenSquared <= kMinSegmentLenSquared)
{
// segment is a point.
qx = p1x;
qy = p1y;
t = 0.0;
return ((dp1x * dp1x) + (dp1y * dp1y));
}
else
{
// Project a line from p to the segment [p1,p2]. By considering the line
// extending the segment, parameterized as p1 + (t * (p2 - p1)),
// we find projection of point p onto the line.
// It falls where t = [(p - p1) . (p2 - p1)] / |p2 - p1|^2
t = ((dp1x * dx) + (dp1y * dy)) / segLenSquared;
if (t < kEpsilon)
{
// intersects at or to the "left" of first segment vertex (p1x, p1y). If t is approximately 0.0, then
// intersection is at p1. If t is less than that, then there is no intersection (i.e. p is not within
// the 'bounds' of the segment)
if (t > -kEpsilon)
{
// intersects at 1st segment vertex
t = 0.0;
}
// set our 'intersection' point to p1.
qx = p1x;
qy = p1y;
// Note: If you wanted the ACTUAL intersection point of where the projected lines would intersect if
// we were doing PointLineDistanceSquared, then qx would be (p1x + (t * dx)) and qy would be (p1y + (t * dy)).
}
else if (t > (1.0 - kEpsilon))
{
// intersects at or to the "right" of second segment vertex (p2x, p2y). If t is approximately 1.0, then
// intersection is at p2. If t is greater than that, then there is no intersection (i.e. p is not within
// the 'bounds' of the segment)
if (t < (1.0 + kEpsilon))
{
// intersects at 2nd segment vertex
t = 1.0;
}
// set our 'intersection' point to p2.
qx = p2x;
qy = p2y;
// Note: If you wanted the ACTUAL intersection point of where the projected lines would intersect if
// we were doing PointLineDistanceSquared, then qx would be (p1x + (t * dx)) and qy would be (p1y + (t * dy)).
}
else
{
// The projection of the point to the point on the segment that is perpendicular succeeded and the point
// is 'within' the bounds of the segment. Set the intersection point as that projected point.
qx = p1x + (t * dx);
qy = p1y + (t * dy);
}
// return the squared distance from p to the intersection point. Note that we return the squared distance
// as an optimization because many times you just need to compare relative distances and the squared values
// works fine for that. If you want the ACTUAL distance, just take the square root of this value.
double dpqx = px - qx;
double dpqy = py - qy;
return ((dpqx * dpqx) + (dpqy * dpqy));
}
}
点と線分の間の距離が最短になります。これを行うには、あなたはあなたの点を通る線分(lineB)に垂直な線(lineA)を見つけ、その線(lineA)とあなたの線分(lineB)を通る線との交点を決める必要があります。 ;その点が線分の2つの点の間にある場合、距離は自分の点とちょうど見つけた点の間の距離で、これはlineAとlineBの交点です。点が線分の2点の間にない場合は、点と線分の2つの端の間の距離を取得する必要があります。これは、点と線分の2点間の平方距離(平方根を避けるため)を取ることで簡単に行えます。どちらか近い方、その平方根を取りなさい。
引数なしで関数を呼び出す場合は、組み込みの「セルフテスト」を使用したMatlabコード:
function r = distPointToLineSegment( xy0, xy1, xyP )
% r = distPointToLineSegment( xy0, xy1, xyP )
if( nargin < 3 )
selfTest();
r=0;
else
vx = xy0(1)-xyP(1);
vy = xy0(2)-xyP(2);
ux = xy1(1)-xy0(1);
uy = xy1(2)-xy0(2);
lenSqr= (ux*ux+uy*uy);
detP= -vx*ux + -vy*uy;
if( detP < 0 )
r = norm(xy0-xyP,2);
elseif( detP > lenSqr )
r = norm(xy1-xyP,2);
else
r = abs(ux*vy-uy*vx)/sqrt(lenSqr);
end
end
function selfTest()
%#ok<*NASGU>
disp(['invalid args, distPointToLineSegment running (recursive) self-test...']);
ptA = [1;1]; ptB = [-1;-1];
ptC = [1/2;1/2]; % on the line
ptD = [-2;-1.5]; % too far from line segment
ptE = [1/2;0]; % should be same as perpendicular distance to line
ptF = [1.5;1.5]; % along the A-B but outside of the segment
distCtoAB = distPointToLineSegment(ptA,ptB,ptC)
distDtoAB = distPointToLineSegment(ptA,ptB,ptD)
distEtoAB = distPointToLineSegment(ptA,ptB,ptE)
distFtoAB = distPointToLineSegment(ptA,ptB,ptF)
figure(1); clf;
circle = @(x, y, r, c) rectangle('Position', [x-r, y-r, 2*r, 2*r], ...
'Curvature', [1 1], 'EdgeColor', c);
plot([ptA(1) ptB(1)],[ptA(2) ptB(2)],'r-x'); hold on;
plot(ptC(1),ptC(2),'b+'); circle(ptC(1),ptC(2), 0.5e-1, 'b');
plot(ptD(1),ptD(2),'g+'); circle(ptD(1),ptD(2), distDtoAB, 'g');
plot(ptE(1),ptE(2),'k+'); circle(ptE(1),ptE(2), distEtoAB, 'k');
plot(ptF(1),ptF(2),'m+'); circle(ptF(1),ptF(2), distFtoAB, 'm');
hold off;
axis([-3 3 -3 3]); axis equal;
end
end
GrumdrigのC++/JavaScript実装は私にとって非常に役に立ちました。そこで私は私が使っているPython直接ポートを提供しました。完全なコードは ここ です。
class Point(object):
def __init__(self, x, y):
self.x = float(x)
self.y = float(y)
def square(x):
return x * x
def distance_squared(v, w):
return square(v.x - w.x) + square(v.y - w.y)
def distance_point_segment_squared(p, v, w):
# Segment length squared, |w-v|^2
d2 = distance_squared(v, w)
if d2 == 0:
# v == w, return distance to v
return distance_squared(p, v)
# Consider the line extending the segment, parameterized as v + t (w - v).
# We find projection of point p onto the line.
# It falls where t = [(p-v) . (w-v)] / |w-v|^2
t = ((p.x - v.x) * (w.x - v.x) + (p.y - v.y) * (w.y - v.y)) / d2;
if t < 0:
# Beyond v end of the segment
return distance_squared(p, v)
Elif t > 1.0:
# Beyond w end of the segment
return distance_squared(p, w)
else:
# Projection falls on the segment.
proj = Point(v.x + t * (w.x - v.x), v.y + t * (w.y - v.y))
# print proj.x, proj.y
return distance_squared(p, proj)
t-sqlでコーディング
ポイントは(@px、@py)で、線分は(@ax、@ay)から(@bx、@by)までです。
create function fn_sqr (@NumberToSquare decimal(18,10))
returns decimal(18,10)
as
begin
declare @Result decimal(18,10)
set @Result = @NumberToSquare * @NumberToSquare
return @Result
end
go
create function fn_Distance(@ax decimal (18,10) , @ay decimal (18,10), @bx decimal(18,10), @by decimal(18,10))
returns decimal(18,10)
as
begin
declare @Result decimal(18,10)
set @Result = (select dbo.fn_sqr(@ax - @bx) + dbo.fn_sqr(@ay - @by) )
return @Result
end
go
create function fn_DistanceToSegmentSquared(@px decimal(18,10), @py decimal(18,10), @ax decimal(18,10), @ay decimal(18,10), @bx decimal(18,10), @by decimal(18,10))
returns decimal(18,10)
as
begin
declare @l2 decimal(18,10)
set @l2 = (select dbo.fn_Distance(@ax, @ay, @bx, @by))
if @l2 = 0
return dbo.fn_Distance(@px, @py, @ax, @ay)
declare @t decimal(18,10)
set @t = ((@px - @ax) * (@bx - @ax) + (@py - @ay) * (@by - @ay)) / @l2
if (@t < 0)
return dbo.fn_Distance(@px, @py, @ax, @ay);
if (@t > 1)
return dbo.fn_Distance(@px, @py, @bx, @by);
return dbo.fn_Distance(@px, @py, @ax + @t * (@bx - @ax), @ay + @t * (@by - @ay))
end
go
create function fn_DistanceToSegment(@px decimal(18,10), @py decimal(18,10), @ax decimal(18,10), @ay decimal(18,10), @bx decimal(18,10), @by decimal(18,10))
returns decimal(18,10)
as
begin
return sqrt(dbo.fn_DistanceToSegmentSquared(@px, @py , @ax , @ay , @bx , @by ))
end
go
--example execution for distance from a point at (6,1) to line segment that runs from (4,2) to (2,1)
select dbo.fn_DistanceToSegment(6, 1, 4, 2, 2, 1)
--result = 2.2360679775
--example execution for distance from a point at (-3,-2) to line segment that runs from (0,-2) to (-2,1)
select dbo.fn_DistanceToSegment(-3, -2, 0, -2, -2, 1)
--result = 2.4961508830
--example execution for distance from a point at (0,-2) to line segment that runs from (0,-2) to (-2,1)
select dbo.fn_DistanceToSegment(0,-2, 0, -2, -2, 1)
--result = 0.0000000000
StackOverflowの他のすべての人が答えを出しているのと同じように見えます(これまでに23の答えがありました)ので、ここにC#への私の貢献があります。これは、ほとんどがM. Katzによる回答に基づいており、その回答はGrumdrigによる回答に基づいています。
public struct MyVector
{
private readonly double _x, _y;
// Constructor
public MyVector(double x, double y)
{
_x = x;
_y = y;
}
// Distance from this point to another point, squared
private double DistanceSquared(MyVector otherPoint)
{
double dx = otherPoint._x - this._x;
double dy = otherPoint._y - this._y;
return dx * dx + dy * dy;
}
// Find the distance from this point to a line segment (which is not the same as from this
// point to anywhere on an infinite line). Also returns the closest point.
public double DistanceToLineSegment(MyVector lineSegmentPoint1, MyVector lineSegmentPoint2,
out MyVector closestPoint)
{
return Math.Sqrt(DistanceToLineSegmentSquared(lineSegmentPoint1, lineSegmentPoint2,
out closestPoint));
}
// Same as above, but avoid using Sqrt(), saves a new nanoseconds in cases where you only want
// to compare several distances to find the smallest or largest, but don't need the distance
public double DistanceToLineSegmentSquared(MyVector lineSegmentPoint1,
MyVector lineSegmentPoint2, out MyVector closestPoint)
{
// Compute length of line segment (squared) and handle special case of coincident points
double segmentLengthSquared = lineSegmentPoint1.DistanceSquared(lineSegmentPoint2);
if (segmentLengthSquared < 1E-7f) // Arbitrary "close enough for government work" value
{
closestPoint = lineSegmentPoint1;
return this.DistanceSquared(closestPoint);
}
// Use the magic formula to compute the "projection" of this point on the infinite line
MyVector lineSegment = lineSegmentPoint2 - lineSegmentPoint1;
double t = (this - lineSegmentPoint1).DotProduct(lineSegment) / segmentLengthSquared;
// Handle the two cases where the projection is not on the line segment, and the case where
// the projection is on the segment
if (t <= 0)
closestPoint = lineSegmentPoint1;
else if (t >= 1)
closestPoint = lineSegmentPoint2;
else
closestPoint = lineSegmentPoint1 + (lineSegment * t);
return this.DistanceSquared(closestPoint);
}
public double DotProduct(MyVector otherVector)
{
return this._x * otherVector._x + this._y * otherVector._y;
}
public static MyVector operator +(MyVector leftVector, MyVector rightVector)
{
return new MyVector(leftVector._x + rightVector._x, leftVector._y + rightVector._y);
}
public static MyVector operator -(MyVector leftVector, MyVector rightVector)
{
return new MyVector(leftVector._x - rightVector._x, leftVector._y - rightVector._y);
}
public static MyVector operator *(MyVector aVector, double aScalar)
{
return new MyVector(aVector._x * aScalar, aVector._y * aScalar);
}
// Added using ReSharper due to CodeAnalysis nagging
public bool Equals(MyVector other)
{
return _x.Equals(other._x) && _y.Equals(other._y);
}
public override bool Equals(object obj)
{
if (ReferenceEquals(null, obj)) return false;
return obj is MyVector && Equals((MyVector) obj);
}
public override int GetHashCode()
{
unchecked
{
return (_x.GetHashCode()*397) ^ _y.GetHashCode();
}
}
public static bool operator ==(MyVector left, MyVector right)
{
return left.Equals(right);
}
public static bool operator !=(MyVector left, MyVector right)
{
return !left.Equals(right);
}
}
そしてこれがちょっとしたテストプログラムです。
public static class JustTesting
{
public static void Main()
{
Stopwatch stopwatch = new Stopwatch();
stopwatch.Start();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000000; i++)
{
TestIt(1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0.70710678118654757);
TestIt(5, 4, 0, 0, 20, 10, 1.3416407864998738);
TestIt(30, 15, 0, 0, 20, 10, 11.180339887498949);
TestIt(-30, 15, 0, 0, 20, 10, 33.541019662496844);
TestIt(5, 1, 0, 0, 10, 0, 1.0);
TestIt(1, 5, 0, 0, 0, 10, 1.0);
}
stopwatch.Stop();
TimeSpan timeSpan = stopwatch.Elapsed;
}
private static void TestIt(float aPointX, float aPointY,
float lineSegmentPoint1X, float lineSegmentPoint1Y,
float lineSegmentPoint2X, float lineSegmentPoint2Y,
double expectedAnswer)
{
// Katz
double d1 = DistanceFromPointToLineSegment(new MyVector(aPointX, aPointY),
new MyVector(lineSegmentPoint1X, lineSegmentPoint1Y),
new MyVector(lineSegmentPoint2X, lineSegmentPoint2Y));
Debug.Assert(d1 == expectedAnswer);
/*
// Katz using squared distance
double d2 = DistanceFromPointToLineSegmentSquared(new MyVector(aPointX, aPointY),
new MyVector(lineSegmentPoint1X, lineSegmentPoint1Y),
new MyVector(lineSegmentPoint2X, lineSegmentPoint2Y));
Debug.Assert(Math.Abs(d2 - expectedAnswer * expectedAnswer) < 1E-7f);
*/
/*
// Matti (optimized)
double d3 = FloatVector.DistanceToLineSegment(new PointF(aPointX, aPointY),
new PointF(lineSegmentPoint1X, lineSegmentPoint1Y),
new PointF(lineSegmentPoint2X, lineSegmentPoint2Y));
Debug.Assert(Math.Abs(d3 - expectedAnswer) < 1E-7f);
*/
}
private static double DistanceFromPointToLineSegment(MyVector aPoint,
MyVector lineSegmentPoint1, MyVector lineSegmentPoint2)
{
MyVector closestPoint; // Not used
return aPoint.DistanceToLineSegment(lineSegmentPoint1, lineSegmentPoint2,
out closestPoint);
}
private static double DistanceFromPointToLineSegmentSquared(MyVector aPoint,
MyVector lineSegmentPoint1, MyVector lineSegmentPoint2)
{
MyVector closestPoint; // Not used
return aPoint.DistanceToLineSegmentSquared(lineSegmentPoint1, lineSegmentPoint2,
out closestPoint);
}
}
ご覧のとおり、Sqrt()メソッドを使用しないバージョンと通常のバージョンの違いを測定してみました。私のテストでは、約2.5%節約できるかもしれないことがわかりましたが、それでも確信が持てません - さまざまなテストの実行におけるばらつきは、同じ程度の大きさでした。私はまたMattiによって投稿されたバージョン(プラス明らかな最適化)を測定しようと試みました、そしてそのバージョンはKatz/Grumdrigコードに基づいたバージョンより約4%遅いようです。
編集:ちなみに、外積(およびSqrt())を使って無限線(線分ではない)までの距離を求める方法も試してみましたが、約32%高速です。
そして今、私の解決策も......(Javascript)
私はMath.pow関数を避けようとしているのでとても速いです。
お分かりのように、関数の終わりに私は線の距離を持っています。
コードはlibからのものです http://www.draw2d.org/graphiti/jsdoc/#!/example
/**
* Static util function to determine is a point(px,py) on the line(x1,y1,x2,y2)
* A simple hit test.
*
* @return {boolean}
* @static
* @private
* @param {Number} coronaWidth the accepted corona for the hit test
* @param {Number} X1 x coordinate of the start point of the line
* @param {Number} Y1 y coordinate of the start point of the line
* @param {Number} X2 x coordinate of the end point of the line
* @param {Number} Y2 y coordinate of the end point of the line
* @param {Number} px x coordinate of the point to test
* @param {Number} py y coordinate of the point to test
**/
graphiti.shape.basic.Line.hit= function( coronaWidth, X1, Y1, X2, Y2, px, py)
{
// Adjust vectors relative to X1,Y1
// X2,Y2 becomes relative vector from X1,Y1 to end of segment
X2 -= X1;
Y2 -= Y1;
// px,py becomes relative vector from X1,Y1 to test point
px -= X1;
py -= Y1;
var dotprod = px * X2 + py * Y2;
var projlenSq;
if (dotprod <= 0.0) {
// px,py is on the side of X1,Y1 away from X2,Y2
// distance to segment is length of px,py vector
// "length of its (clipped) projection" is now 0.0
projlenSq = 0.0;
} else {
// switch to backwards vectors relative to X2,Y2
// X2,Y2 are already the negative of X1,Y1=>X2,Y2
// to get px,py to be the negative of px,py=>X2,Y2
// the dot product of two negated vectors is the same
// as the dot product of the two normal vectors
px = X2 - px;
py = Y2 - py;
dotprod = px * X2 + py * Y2;
if (dotprod <= 0.0) {
// px,py is on the side of X2,Y2 away from X1,Y1
// distance to segment is length of (backwards) px,py vector
// "length of its (clipped) projection" is now 0.0
projlenSq = 0.0;
} else {
// px,py is between X1,Y1 and X2,Y2
// dotprod is the length of the px,py vector
// projected on the X2,Y2=>X1,Y1 vector times the
// length of the X2,Y2=>X1,Y1 vector
projlenSq = dotprod * dotprod / (X2 * X2 + Y2 * Y2);
}
}
// Distance to line is now the length of the relative point
// vector minus the length of its projection onto the line
// (which is zero if the projection falls outside the range
// of the line segment).
var lenSq = px * px + py * py - projlenSq;
if (lenSq < 0) {
lenSq = 0;
}
return Math.sqrt(lenSq)<coronaWidth;
};
これがdevnullicusのC++バージョンをC#に変換したものです。私の実装のために私は交差点を知る必要があり、うまくいくための彼の解決策を見つけました。
public static bool PointSegmentDistanceSquared(PointF point, PointF lineStart, PointF lineEnd, out double distance, out PointF intersectPoint)
{
const double kMinSegmentLenSquared = 0.00000001; // adjust to suit. If you use float, you'll probably want something like 0.000001f
const double kEpsilon = 1.0E-14; // adjust to suit. If you use floats, you'll probably want something like 1E-7f
double dX = lineEnd.X - lineStart.X;
double dY = lineEnd.Y - lineStart.Y;
double dp1X = point.X - lineStart.X;
double dp1Y = point.Y - lineStart.Y;
double segLenSquared = (dX * dX) + (dY * dY);
double t = 0.0;
if (segLenSquared >= -kMinSegmentLenSquared && segLenSquared <= kMinSegmentLenSquared)
{
// segment is a point.
intersectPoint = lineStart;
t = 0.0;
distance = ((dp1X * dp1X) + (dp1Y * dp1Y));
}
else
{
// Project a line from p to the segment [p1,p2]. By considering the line
// extending the segment, parameterized as p1 + (t * (p2 - p1)),
// we find projection of point p onto the line.
// It falls where t = [(p - p1) . (p2 - p1)] / |p2 - p1|^2
t = ((dp1X * dX) + (dp1Y * dY)) / segLenSquared;
if (t < kEpsilon)
{
// intersects at or to the "left" of first segment vertex (lineStart.X, lineStart.Y). If t is approximately 0.0, then
// intersection is at p1. If t is less than that, then there is no intersection (i.e. p is not within
// the 'bounds' of the segment)
if (t > -kEpsilon)
{
// intersects at 1st segment vertex
t = 0.0;
}
// set our 'intersection' point to p1.
intersectPoint = lineStart;
// Note: If you wanted the ACTUAL intersection point of where the projected lines would intersect if
// we were doing PointLineDistanceSquared, then intersectPoint.X would be (lineStart.X + (t * dx)) and intersectPoint.Y would be (lineStart.Y + (t * dy)).
}
else if (t > (1.0 - kEpsilon))
{
// intersects at or to the "right" of second segment vertex (lineEnd.X, lineEnd.Y). If t is approximately 1.0, then
// intersection is at p2. If t is greater than that, then there is no intersection (i.e. p is not within
// the 'bounds' of the segment)
if (t < (1.0 + kEpsilon))
{
// intersects at 2nd segment vertex
t = 1.0;
}
// set our 'intersection' point to p2.
intersectPoint = lineEnd;
// Note: If you wanted the ACTUAL intersection point of where the projected lines would intersect if
// we were doing PointLineDistanceSquared, then intersectPoint.X would be (lineStart.X + (t * dx)) and intersectPoint.Y would be (lineStart.Y + (t * dy)).
}
else
{
// The projection of the point to the point on the segment that is perpendicular succeeded and the point
// is 'within' the bounds of the segment. Set the intersection point as that projected point.
intersectPoint = new PointF((float)(lineStart.X + (t * dX)), (float)(lineStart.Y + (t * dY)));
}
// return the squared distance from p to the intersection point. Note that we return the squared distance
// as an optimization because many times you just need to compare relative distances and the squared values
// works fine for that. If you want the ACTUAL distance, just take the square root of this value.
double dpqX = point.X - intersectPoint.X;
double dpqY = point.Y - intersectPoint.Y;
distance = ((dpqX * dpqX) + (dpqY * dpqY));
}
return true;
}
JoshuaのJavascriptに基づくAutoHotkeysのバージョン:
plDist(x, y, x1, y1, x2, y2) {
A:= x - x1
B:= y - y1
C:= x2 - x1
D:= y2 - y1
dot:= A*C + B*D
sqLen:= C*C + D*D
param:= dot / sqLen
if (param < 0 || ((x1 = x2) && (y1 = y2))) {
xx:= x1
yy:= y1
} else if (param > 1) {
xx:= x2
yy:= y2
} else {
xx:= x1 + param*C
yy:= y1 + param*D
}
dx:= x - xx
dy:= y - yy
return sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy)
}
C#
@ Grumdrig からの適応
public static double MinimumDistanceToLineSegment(this Point p,
Line line)
{
var v = line.StartPoint;
var w = line.EndPoint;
double lengthSquared = DistanceSquared(v, w);
if (lengthSquared == 0.0)
return Distance(p, v);
double t = Math.Max(0, Math.Min(1, DotProduct(p - v, w - v) / lengthSquared));
var projection = v + t * (w - v);
return Distance(p, projection);
}
public static double Distance(Point a, Point b)
{
return Math.Sqrt(DistanceSquared(a, b));
}
public static double DistanceSquared(Point a, Point b)
{
var d = a - b;
return DotProduct(d, d);
}
public static double DotProduct(Point a, Point b)
{
return (a.X * b.X) + (a.Y * b.Y);
}
ここにはJavaの実装はありませんでしたので、私はJavascript関数をJavaコードに対する受け入れられた答えから変換しました。
static double sqr(double x) {
return x * x;
}
static double dist2(DoublePoint v, DoublePoint w) {
return sqr(v.x - w.x) + sqr(v.y - w.y);
}
static double distToSegmentSquared(DoublePoint p, DoublePoint v, DoublePoint w) {
double l2 = dist2(v, w);
if (l2 == 0) return dist2(p, v);
double t = ((p.x - v.x) * (w.x - v.x) + (p.y - v.y) * (w.y - v.y)) / l2;
if (t < 0) return dist2(p, v);
if (t > 1) return dist2(p, w);
return dist2(p, new DoublePoint(
v.x + t * (w.x - v.x),
v.y + t * (w.y - v.y)
));
}
static double distToSegment(DoublePoint p, DoublePoint v, DoublePoint w) {
return Math.sqrt(distToSegmentSquared(p, v, w));
}
static class DoublePoint {
public double x;
public double y;
public DoublePoint(double x, double y) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}
}
次のWebサイトのMatlab GEOMETRYツールボックスを参照してください。 http://people.sc.fsu.edu/~jburkardt/m_src/geometry/geometry.html
線分関連の関数を見つけるには、ctrl + fと入力して「segment」と入力します。関数 "segment_point_dist_2d.m"と "segment_point_dist_3d.m"が必要なものです。
GEOMETRYコードは、CバージョンとC++バージョン、およびFORTRAN77バージョンとFORTRAN90バージョンおよびMATLABバージョンで使用できます。
WPFのバージョン
public class LineSegment
{
private readonly Vector _offset;
private readonly Vector _vector;
public LineSegment(Point start, Point end)
{
_offset = (Vector)start;
_vector = (Vector)(end - _offset);
}
public double DistanceTo(Point pt)
{
var v = (Vector)pt - _offset;
// first, find a projection point on the segment in parametric form (0..1)
var p = (v * _vector) / _vector.LengthSquared;
// and limit it so it lays inside the segment
p = Math.Min(Math.Max(p, 0), 1);
// now, find the distance from that point to our point
return (_vector * p - v).Length;
}
}
ここではSwiftを使っています
/* Distance from a point (p1) to line l1 l2 */
func distanceFromPoint(p: CGPoint, toLineSegment l1: CGPoint, and l2: CGPoint) -> CGFloat {
let A = p.x - l1.x
let B = p.y - l1.y
let C = l2.x - l1.x
let D = l2.y - l1.y
let dot = A * C + B * D
let len_sq = C * C + D * D
let param = dot / len_sq
var xx, yy: CGFloat
if param < 0 || (l1.x == l2.x && l1.y == l2.y) {
xx = l1.x
yy = l1.y
} else if param > 1 {
xx = l2.x
yy = l2.y
} else {
xx = l1.x + param * C
yy = l1.y + param * D
}
let dx = p.x - xx
let dy = p.y - yy
return sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy)
}
2Dおよび3Dソリューション
線分が(0, 0, 0)-(d, 0, 0)
、点が(u, v, 0)
になるように基底の変更を考えてみましょう。最短距離はその平面内で発生し、次式で与えられます。
u ≤ 0 -> d(A, C)
0 ≤ u ≤ d -> |v|
d ≤ u -> d(B, C)
(線への投影に応じて、端点の1つまたは補助線までの距離。等距離軌跡は、2つの半円と2つの線分で構成されます。)
上式において、dは線分ABの長さであり、u、vはそれぞれAB / d(AB方向の単位ベクトル)とACのスカラ積と(の係数)外積である。それゆえベクトル的に、
AB.AC ≤ 0 -> |AC|
0 ≤ AB.AC ≤ AB² -> |ABxAC|/|AB|
AB² ≤ AB.AC -> |BC|
2D座標配列に対するPython Numpyの実装:
import numpy as np
def dist2d(p1, p2, coords):
''' Distance from points to a finite line btwn p1 -> p2 '''
assert coords.ndim == 2 and coords.shape[1] == 2, 'coords is not 2 dim'
dp = p2 - p1
st = dp[0]**2 + dp[1]**2
u = ((coords[:, 0] - p1[0]) * dp[0] + (coords[:, 1] - p1[1]) * dp[1]) / st
u[u > 1.] = 1.
u[u < 0.] = 0.
dx = (p1[0] + u * dp[0]) - coords[:, 0]
dy = (p1[1] + u * dp[1]) - coords[:, 1]
return np.sqrt(dx**2 + dy**2)
# Usage:
p1 = np.array([0., 0.])
p2 = np.array([0., 10.])
# List of coordinates
coords = np.array(
[[0., 0.],
[5., 5.],
[10., 10.],
[20., 20.]
])
d = dist2d(p1, p2, coords)
# Single coordinate
coord = np.array([25., 25.])
d = dist2d(p1, p2, coord[np.newaxis, :])
これが私が書いたコードです。このコードは、ポイントが{x:5, y:7}
の形式で定義されていることを前提としています。これは絶対的な最も効率的な方法ではないことに注意してください、しかしそれは私が思い付くことができる最も単純で最も理解しやすいコードです。
// a, b, and c in the code below are all points
function distance(a, b)
{
var dx = a.x - b.x;
var dy = a.y - b.y;
return Math.sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy);
}
function Segment(a, b)
{
var ab = {
x: b.x - a.x,
y: b.y - a.y
};
var length = distance(a, b);
function cross(c) {
return ab.x * (c.y-a.y) - ab.y * (c.x-a.x);
};
this.distanceFrom = function(c) {
return Math.min(distance(a,c),
distance(b,c),
Math.abs(cross(c) / length));
};
}
上記の機能は垂直線では機能しません。これは正常に機能している関数です。点p 1、p 2で線を引く。そしてCheckPointはpです。
public float DistanceOfPointToLine2(PointF p1, PointF p2, PointF p)
{
// (y1-y2)x + (x2-x1)y + (x1y2-x2y1)
//d(P,L) = --------------------------------
// sqrt( (x2-x1)pow2 + (y2-y1)pow2 )
double ch = (p1.Y - p2.Y) * p.X + (p2.X - p1.X) * p.Y + (p1.X * p2.Y - p2.X * p1.Y);
double del = Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(p2.X - p1.X, 2) + Math.Pow(p2.Y - p1.Y, 2));
double d = ch / del;
return (float)d;
}
このアルゴリズムは、指定された線と指定された点を含む直交線との間の交点を見つけ、その距離を計算することに基づいています。線分の場合は、交点が線分の点の間にあるかどうかをチェックする必要があります。そうでない場合、最小距離は指定された点と線分の端点の1つの間になります。これはC#の実装です。
Double Distance(Point a, Point b)
{
double xdiff = a.X - b.X, ydiff = a.Y - b.Y;
return Math.Sqrt((long)xdiff * xdiff + (long)ydiff * ydiff);
}
Boolean IsBetween(double x, double a, double b)
{
return ((a <= b && x >= a && x <= b) || (a > b && x <= a && x >= b));
}
Double GetDistance(Point pt, Point pt1, Point pt2, out Point intersection)
{
Double a, x, y, R;
if (pt1.X != pt2.X) {
a = (double)(pt2.Y - pt1.Y) / (pt2.X - pt1.X);
x = (a * (pt.Y - pt1.Y) + a * a * pt1.X + pt.X) / (a * a + 1);
y = a * x + pt1.Y - a * pt1.X; }
else { x = pt1.X; y = pt.Y; }
if (IsBetween(x, pt1.X, pt2.X) && IsBetween(y, pt1.Y, pt2.Y)) {
intersection = new Point((int)x, (int)y);
R = Distance(intersection, pt); }
else {
double d1 = Distance(pt, pt1), d2 = Distance(pt, pt2);
if (d1 < d2) { intersection = pt1; R = d1; }
else { intersection = pt2; R = d2; }}
return R;
}
%Matlab solution by Tim from Cody
function ans=distP2S(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2)
% Point is x0,y0
z=complex(x0-x1,y0-y1);
complex(x2-x1,y2-y1);
abs(z-ans*min(1,max(0,real(z/ans))));
これを実現する方法を示すために、対話型のDesmosグラフを作成しました。
https://www.desmos.com/calculator/kswrm8ddum
赤の点はA、緑の点はB、点Cは青です。グラフ内の点をドラッグすると、値が変化します。左側では、値「s」は線分のパラメータである(すなわち、s = 0は点Aを意味し、s = 1は点Bを意味する)。値 'd'は、3番目の点からAとBを通る線までの距離です。
編集:
ちょっとした洞察力:座標(s、d)は、座標系における3番目の点Cの座標です。ここで、ABは単位x軸、単位y軸はABと垂直です。
これはC++の答えと同じものですが、Pascalに移植されています。 pointパラメータの順序は私のコードに合うように変更されましたが、同じことです。
function Dot(const p1, p2: PointF): double;
begin
Result := p1.x * p2.x + p1.y * p2.y;
end;
function SubPoint(const p1, p2: PointF): PointF;
begin
result.x := p1.x - p2.x;
result.y := p1.y - p2.y;
end;
function ShortestDistance2(const p,v,w : PointF) : double;
var
l2,t : double;
projection,tt: PointF;
begin
// Return minimum distance between line segment vw and point p
//l2 := length_squared(v, w); // i.e. |w-v|^2 - avoid a sqrt
l2 := Distance(v,w);
l2 := MPower(l2,2);
if (l2 = 0.0) then begin
result:= Distance(p, v); // v == w case
exit;
end;
// Consider the line extending the segment, parameterized as v + t (w - v).
// We find projection of point p onto the line.
// It falls where t = [(p-v) . (w-v)] / |w-v|^2
t := Dot(SubPoint(p,v),SubPoint(w,v)) / l2;
if (t < 0.0) then begin
result := Distance(p, v); // Beyond the 'v' end of the segment
exit;
end
else if (t > 1.0) then begin
result := Distance(p, w); // Beyond the 'w' end of the segment
exit;
end;
//projection := v + t * (w - v); // Projection falls on the segment
tt.x := v.x + t * (w.x - v.x);
tt.y := v.y + t * (w.y - v.y);
result := Distance(p, tt);
end;
これに基づいてJavaScriptで少しきれいなソリューション 式 :
distToSegment: function (point, linePointA, linePointB){
var x0 = point.X;
var y0 = point.Y;
var x1 = linePointA.X;
var y1 = linePointA.Y;
var x2 = linePointB.X;
var y2 = linePointB.Y;
var Dx = (x2 - x1);
var Dy = (y2 - y1);
var numerator = Math.abs(Dy*x0 - Dx*y0 - x1*y2 + x2*y1);
var denominator = Math.sqrt(Dx*Dx + Dy*Dy);
if (denominator == 0) {
return this.dist2(point, linePointA);
}
return numerator/denominator;
}
これはベクトル数学に基づいたものです。この解決法は、より高い次元とにも作用し、(線分上の)相互作用点についても報告します。
def dist(x1,y1,x2,y2,px,py):
a = np.array([[x1,y1]]).T
b = np.array([[x2,y2]]).T
x = np.array([[px,py]]).T
tp = (np.dot(x.T, b) - np.dot(a.T, b)) / np.dot(b.T, b)
tp = tp[0][0]
tmp = x - (a + tp*b)
d = np.sqrt(np.dot(tmp.T,tmp)[0][0])
return d, a+tp*b
x1,y1=2.,2.
x2,y2=5.,5.
px,py=4.,1.
d, inters = dist(x1,y1, x2,y2, px,py)
print (d)
print (inters)
結果は
2.1213203435596424
[[2.5]
[2.5]]
数学はここで説明されています
ちょうどこれに遭遇し、私はLuaの実装を追加すると思いました。ポイントはテーブル{x = xVal、y = yVal}として与えられ、ラインまたはセグメントは2つのポイントを含むテーブルによって与えられると仮定します(以下の例を参照)。
function distance( P1, P2 )
return math.sqrt((P1.x-P2.x)^2 + (P1.y-P2.y)^2)
end
-- Returns false if the point lies beyond the reaches of the segment
function distPointToSegment( line, P )
if line[1].x == line[2].x and line[1].y == line[2].y then
print("Error: Not a line!")
return false
end
local d = distance( line[1], line[2] )
local t = ((P.x - line[1].x)*(line[2].x - line[1].x) + (P.y - line[1].y)*(line[2].y - line[1].y))/(d^2)
local projection = {}
projection.x = line[1].x + t*(line[2].x-line[1].x)
projection.y = line[1].y + t*(line[2].y-line[1].y)
if t >= 0 and t <= 1 then -- within line segment?
return distance( projection, {x=P.x, y=P.y} )
else
return false
end
end
-- Returns value even if point is further down the line (outside segment)
function distPointToLine( line, P )
if line[1].x == line[2].x and line[1].y == line[2].y then
print("Error: Not a line!")
return false
end
local d = distance( line[1], line[2] )
local t = ((P.x - line[1].x)*(line[2].x - line[1].x) + (P.y - line[1].y)*(line[2].y - line[1].y))/(d^2)
local projection = {}
projection.x = line[1].x + t*(line[2].x-line[1].x)
projection.y = line[1].y + t*(line[2].y-line[1].y)
return distance( projection, {x=P.x, y=P.y} )
end
使用例
local P1 = {x = 0, y = 0}
local P2 = {x = 10, y = 10}
local line = { P1, P2 }
local P3 = {x = 7, y = 15}
print(distPointToLine( line, P3 )) -- prints 5.6568542494924
print(distPointToSegment( line, P3 )) -- prints false
その線分ではなく無限の線なら、最も簡単な方法はこれです(Rubyでは)。ここでmx + bは線で、(x1、y1)は既知の点です。
(y1 - mx1 - b).abs / Math.sqrt(m**2 + 1)
ジオメトリを使用してJavaScriptで:
var a = { x:20, y:20};//start segment
var b = { x:40, y:30};//end segment
var c = { x:37, y:14};//point
// magnitude from a to c
var ac = Math.sqrt( Math.pow( ( a.x - c.x ), 2 ) + Math.pow( ( a.y - c.y ), 2) );
// magnitude from b to c
var bc = Math.sqrt( Math.pow( ( b.x - c.x ), 2 ) + Math.pow( ( b.y - c.y ), 2 ) );
// magnitude from a to b (base)
var ab = Math.sqrt( Math.pow( ( a.x - b.x ), 2 ) + Math.pow( ( a.y - b.y ), 2 ) );
// perimeter of triangle
var p = ac + bc + ab;
// area of the triangle
var area = Math.sqrt( p/2 * ( p/2 - ac) * ( p/2 - bc ) * ( p/2 - ab ) );
// height of the triangle = distance
var h = ( area * 2 ) / ab;
console.log ("height: " + h);
GLSLでこれをしたかったのですが、可能であればこれらすべての条件付きを避けた方が良いです。 clamp()を使用すると、2つのエンドポイントのケースを回避できます。
// find closest point to P on line segment AB:
vec3 closest_point_on_line_segment(in vec3 P, in vec3 A, in vec3 B) {
vec3 AP = P - A, AB = B - A;
float l = dot(AB, AB);
if (l <= 0.0000001) return A; // A and B are practically the same
return AP - AB*clamp(dot(AP, AB)/l, 0.0, 1.0); // do the projection
}
AとBが互いに非常に近いことが絶対にないことが確実な場合は、if()を削除することでこれを単純化できます。実際、たとえAとBがで同じであっても、私のGPUはこの無条件バージョンで正しい結果を与えますGLSLをゼロで割るOpenGL 4.1は未定義です。
// find closest point to P on line segment AB:
vec3 closest_point_on_line_segment(in vec3 P, in vec3 A, in vec3 B) {
vec3 AP = P - A, AB = B - A;
return AP - AB*clamp(dot(AP, AB)/dot(AB, AB), 0.0, 1.0);
}
距離を計算するのは簡単です - GLSLはdistance()関数を提供しています。この関数はこの最も近い点とPに対して使用できます。
#distance beetween segment ab and point c in 2D space
getDistance_ort_2 <- function(a, b, c){
#go to complex numbers
A<-c(a[1]+1i*a[2],b[1]+1i*b[2])
q=c[1]+1i*c[2]
#function to get coefficients of line (ab)
getAlphaBeta <- function(A)
{ a<-Re(A[2])-Re(A[1])
b<-Im(A[2])-Im(A[1])
ab<-as.numeric()
ab[1] <- -Re(A[1])*b/a+Im(A[1])
ab[2] <-b/a
if(Im(A[1])==Im(A[2])) ab<- c(Im(A[1]),0)
if(Re(A[1])==Re(A[2])) ab <- NA
return(ab)
}
#function to get coefficients of line ortogonal to line (ab) which goes through point q
getAlphaBeta_ort<-function(A,q)
{ ab <- getAlphaBeta(A)
coef<-c(Re(q)/ab[2]+Im(q),-1/ab[2])
if(Re(A[1])==Re(A[2])) coef<-c(Im(q),0)
return(coef)
}
#function to get coordinates of interception point
#between line (ab) and its ortogonal which goes through point q
getIntersection_ort <- function(A, q){
A.ab <- getAlphaBeta(A)
q.ab <- getAlphaBeta_ort(A,q)
if (!is.na(A.ab[1])&A.ab[2]==0) {
x<-Re(q)
y<-Im(A[1])}
if (is.na(A.ab[1])) {
x<-Re(A[1])
y<-Im(q)
}
if (!is.na(A.ab[1])&A.ab[2]!=0) {
x <- (q.ab[1] - A.ab[1])/(A.ab[2] - q.ab[2])
y <- q.ab[1] + q.ab[2]*x}
xy <- x + 1i*y
return(xy)
}
intersect<-getIntersection_ort(A,q)
if ((Mod(A[1]-intersect)+Mod(A[2]-intersect))>Mod(A[1]-A[2])) {dist<-min(Mod(A[1]-q),Mod(A[2]-q))
} else dist<-Mod(q-intersect)
return(dist)
}
これがJoshuaの上記の答えに基づいた自己完結型のDelphi/Pascalバージョンの関数です。 VCLの画面グラフィックにTPointを使用しますが、必要に応じて調整しやすいはずです。
function DistancePtToSegment( pt, pt1, pt2: TPoint): double;
var
a, b, c, d: double;
len_sq: double;
param: double;
xx, yy: double;
dx, dy: double;
begin
a := pt.x - pt1.x;
b := pt.y - pt1.y;
c := pt2.x - pt1.x;
d := pt2.y - pt1.y;
len_sq := (c * c) + (d * d);
param := -1;
if (len_sq <> 0) then
begin
param := ((a * c) + (b * d)) / len_sq;
end;
if param < 0 then
begin
xx := pt1.x;
yy := pt1.y;
end
else if param > 1 then
begin
xx := pt2.x;
yy := pt2.y;
end
else begin
xx := pt1.x + param * c;
yy := pt1.y + param * d;
end;
dx := pt.x - xx;
dy := pt.y - yy;
result := sqrt( (dx * dx) + (dy * dy))
end;
Visual Basicを除いて、 この回答 と同じです。 Microsoft ExcelおよびVBA /マクロでユーザー定義関数として使用できるようにします。
この関数は、点(x、y)から(x 1、y 1)および(x 2、y 2)で定義される線分までの最短距離を返します。
Function DistanceToSegment(x As Double, y As Double, x1 As Double, y1 As Double, x2 As Double, y2 As Double)
Dim A As Double
A = x - x1
Dim B As Double
B = y - y1
Dim C As Double
C = x2 - x1
Dim D As Double
D = y2 - y1
Dim dot As Double
dot = A * C + B * D
Dim len_sq As Double
len_sq = C * C + D * D
Dim param As Double
param = -1
If (len_sq <> 0) Then
param = dot / len_sq
End If
Dim xx As Double
Dim yy As Double
If (param < 0) Then
xx = x1
yy = y1
ElseIf (param > 1) Then
xx = x2
yy = y2
Else
xx = x1 + param * C
yy = y1 + param * D
End If
Dim dx As Double
dx = x - xx
Dim dy As Double
dy = y - yy
DistanceToSegment = Math.Sqr(dx * dx + dy * dy)
End Function
GLSLのバージョン
// line (a -> b ) point p[enter image description here][1]
float distanceToLine(vec2 a, vec2 b, vec2 p) {
float aside = dot((p - a),(b - a));
if(aside< 0.0) return length(p-a);
float bside = dot((p - b),(a - b));
if(bside< 0.0) return length(p-b);
vec2 pointOnLine = (bside*a + aside*b)/pow(length(a-b),2.0);
return length(p - pointOnLine);
}
Lua:線分(線全体ではありません)と点の間の最小距離を求めます
function solveLinearEquation(A1,B1,C1,A2,B2,C2)
--it is the implitaion of a method of solving linear equations in x and y
local f1 = B1*C2 -B2*C1
local f2 = A2*C1-A1*C2
local f3 = A1*B2 -A2*B1
return {x= f1/f3, y= f2/f3}
end
function pointLiesOnLine(x,y,x1,y1,x2,y2)
local dx1 = x-x1
local dy1 = y-y1
local dx2 = x-x2
local dy2 = y-y2
local crossProduct = dy1*dx2 -dx1*dy2
if crossProduct ~= 0 then return false
else
if ((x1>=x) and (x>=x2)) or ((x2>=x) and (x>=x1)) then
if ((y1>=y) and (y>=y2)) or ((y2>=y) and (y>=y1)) then
return true
else return false end
else return false end
end
end
function dist(x1,y1,x2,y2)
local dx = x1-x2
local dy = y1-y2
return math.sqrt(dx*dx + dy* dy)
end
function findMinDistBetnPointAndLine(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3)
-- finds the min distance between (x3,y3) and line (x1,y2)--(x2,y2)
local A2,B2,C2,A1,B1,C1
local dx = y2-y1
local dy = x2-x1
if dx == 0 then A2=1 B2=0 C2=-x3 A1=0 B1=1 C1=-y1
elseif dy == 0 then A2=0 B2=1 C2=-y3 A1=1 B1=0 C1=-x1
else
local m1 = dy/dx
local m2 = -1/m1
A2=m2 B2=-1 C2=y3-m2*x3 A1=m1 B1=-1 C1=y1-m1*x1
end
local intsecPoint= solveLinearEquation(A1,B1,C1,A2,B2,C2)
if pointLiesOnLine(intsecPoint.x, intsecPoint.y,x1,y1,x2,y2) then
return dist(intsecPoint.x, intsecPoint.y, x3,y3)
else
return math.min(dist(x3,y3,x1,y1),dist(x3,y3,x2,y2))
end
end
この答えは 受け入れられた答え のJavaScriptソリューションに基づいています。 ES6 + CoffeeScriptに含まれているため、主に長めの関数名と、もちろん短い関数構文で、見栄えがよくなりました。
distanceSquared = (v, w)=> Math.pow(v.x - w.x, 2) + Math.pow(v.y - w.y, 2);
distance = (v, w)=> Math.sqrt(distanceSquared(v, w));
distanceToLineSegmentSquared = (p, v, w)=> {
l2 = distanceSquared(v, w);
if (l2 === 0) {
return distanceSquared(p, v);
}
t = ((p.x - v.x) * (w.x - v.x) + (p.y - v.y) * (w.y - v.y)) / l2;
t = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, t));
return distanceSquared(p, {
x: v.x + t * (w.x - v.x),
y: v.y + t * (w.y - v.y)
});
}
distanceToLineSegment = (p, v, w)=> {
return Math.sqrt(distanceToLineSegmentSquared(p, v));
}
distanceSquared = (v, w)-> (v.x - w.x) ** 2 + (v.y - w.y) ** 2
distance = (v, w)-> Math.sqrt(distanceSquared(v, w))
distanceToLineSegmentSquared = (p, v, w)->
l2 = distanceSquared(v, w)
return distanceSquared(p, v) if l2 is 0
t = ((p.x - v.x) * (w.x - v.x) + (p.y - v.y) * (w.y - v.y)) / l2
t = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, t))
distanceSquared(p, {
x: v.x + t * (w.x - v.x)
y: v.y + t * (w.y - v.y)
})
distanceToLineSegment = (p, v, w)->
Math.sqrt(distanceToLineSegmentSquared(p, v, w))
3D線分と点の固有C++バージョン
// Return minimum distance between line segment: head--->tail and point
double MinimumDistance(Eigen::Vector3d head, Eigen::Vector3d tail,Eigen::Vector3d point)
{
double l2 = std::pow((head - tail).norm(),2);
if(l2 ==0.0) return (head - point).norm();// head == tail case
// Consider the line extending the segment, parameterized as head + t (tail - point).
// We find projection of point onto the line.
// It falls where t = [(point-head) . (tail-head)] / |tail-head|^2
// We clamp t from [0,1] to handle points outside the segment head--->tail.
double t = max(0,min(1,(point-head).dot(tail-head)/l2));
Eigen::Vector3d projection = head + t*(tail-head);
return (point - projection).norm();
}
受け入れられた答えは機能しません(例えば0,0と(-10,2,10,2)の間の距離は2であるべきです)。
これが機能するコードです:
def dist2line2(x,y,line):
x1,y1,x2,y2=line
vx = x1 - x
vy = y1 - y
ux = x2-x1
uy = y2-y1
length = ux * ux + uy * uy
det = (-vx * ux) + (-vy * uy) #//if this is < 0 or > length then its outside the line segment
if det < 0:
return (x1 - x)**2 + (y1 - y)**2
if det > length:
return (x2 - x)**2 + (y2 - y)**2
det = ux * vy - uy * vx
return det**2 / length
def dist2line(x,y,line): return math.sqrt(dist2line2(x,y,line))
Matlab直接Grumdrig実装
function ans=distP2S(px,py,vx,vy,wx,wy)
% [px py vx vy wx wy]
t=( (px-vx)*(wx-vx)+(py-vy)*(wy-vy) )/idist(vx,wx,vy,wy)^2;
[idist(px,vx,py,vy) idist(px,vx+t*(wx-vx),py,vy+t*(wy-vy)) idist(px,wx,py,wy) ];
ans(1+(t>0)+(t>1)); % <0 0<=t<=1 t>1
end
function d=idist(a,b,c,d)
d=abs(a-b+1i*(c-d));
end