Samba共有にアクセスできませんが、ネットワークに表示されます

Question

Windowsではユーザー名とパスワードを要求し、Ubuntuではユーザー名、ドメイン、パスワードを要求します。

ルートとローカルユーザーのパスワードを入力しましたが、「アクセスできません」と表示されています。

#======================= Global Settings =======================

[global]

## Browsing/Identification ###

# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of
    workgroup = test
    netbios name = bishwa

# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
    server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)

# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server
   wins support = yes

# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
;   wins server = w.x.y.z

# This will prevent nmbd to search for NetBIOS names through DNS.
    dns proxy = no

# What naming service and in what order should we use to resolve Host names
# to IP addresses
   name resolve order = wins lmhosts Host bcast

#### Networking ####

# The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to
# This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;
# interface names are normally preferred
;   interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0

# Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the
# 'interfaces' option above to use this.
# It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is
# not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself.  However, this
# option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.
;   bind interfaces only = yes



#### Debugging/Accounting ####

# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
    log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m

# Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB).
    max log size = 1000

# If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following
# parameter to 'yes'.
#   syslog only = no

# We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything
# should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log
# through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher.
    syslog = 0

# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace
    panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d


####### Authentication #######

# "security = user" is always a good idea. This will require a Unix account
# in this server for every user accessing the server. See
# /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/ServerType.html
# in the samba-doc package for details.
    security = user

# You may wish to use password encryption.  See the section on
# 'encrypt passwords' in the smb.conf(5) manpage before enabling.
    encrypt passwords = yes

# If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what
# password database type you are using.  
    passdb backend = tdbsam

    obey pam restrictions = yes

# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix
# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the
# passdb is changed.
    unix password sync = yes

# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following
# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<[email protected]> for
# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).
    passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
    passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .

# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes
# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in
# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.
    pam password change = yes

# This option controls how unsuccessful authentication attempts are mapped
# to anonymous connections
    map to guest = bad user

########## Domains ###########

# Is this machine able to authenticate users. Both PDC and BDC
# must have this setting enabled. If you are the BDC you must
# change the 'domain master' setting to no
#
    domain logons = yes
    domain master = yes
;   local master = yes
    preferred master = yes
    os level = 64
#
# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of the user's profile directory
# from the client point of view)
# The following required a [profiles] share to be setup on the
# samba server (see below)
    logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U
# Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory
# (this is Samba's default)

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client
# point of view)
    logon drive = H:
;   logon home = \\%n\%u

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored
# in the [netlogon] share
# NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention
;   logon script = logon.cmd

# This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix
# password; please adapt to your needs
; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u

# This allows machine accounts to be created on the domain controller via the 
# SAMR RPC pipe.  
# The following assumes a "machines" group exists on the system
    add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u

# This allows Unix groups to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  
; add group script = /usr/sbin/addgroup --force-badname %g

########## Printing ##########

# If you want to automatically load your printer list rather
# than setting them up individually then you'll need this
#   load printers = yes

# lpr(ng) printing. You may wish to override the location of the
# printcap file
;   printing = bsd
;   printcap name = /etc/printcap

# CUPS printing.  See also the cupsaddsmb(8) manpage in the
# cupsys-client package.
;   printing = cups
;   printcap name = cups

############ Misc ############

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
;   include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m

# Most people will find that this option gives better performance.
# See smb.conf(5) and /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/speed.html
# for details
# You may want to add the following on a Linux system:
#         SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192
#   socket options = TCP_NODELAY

# The following parameter is useful only if you have the linpopup package
# installed. The samba maintainer and the linpopup maintainer are
# working to ease installation and configuration of linpopup and samba.
;   message command = /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/linpopup "%f" "%m" %s; rm %s' &

# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. If this
# machine will be configured as a BDC (a secondary logon server), you
# must set this to 'no'; otherwise, the default behavior is recommended.
#   domain master = auto

# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges
# for something else.)
;   idmap uid = 10000-20000
;   idmap gid = 10000-20000
;   template Shell = /bin/bash

# The following was the default behaviour in sarge,
# but samba upstream reverted the default because it might induce
# performance issues in large organizations.
# See Debian bug #368251 for some of the consequences of *not*
# having this setting and smb.conf(5) for details.
;   winbind enum groups = yes
;   winbind enum users = yes

# Setup usershare options to enable non-root users to share folders
# with the net usershare command.

# Maximum number of usershare. 0 (default) means that usershare is disabled.
;   usershare max shares = 100

# Allow users who've been granted usershare privileges to create
# public shares, not just authenticated ones
    usershare allow guests = yes
    username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
;   guest ok = no
;   guest account = nobody

#======================= Share Definitions =======================

# Un-comment the following (and Tweak the other settings below to suit)
# to enable the default home directory shares. This will share each 
# user's home director as \\server\username
[homes]
    comment = Home Directories
    browseable = no
    writable = yes

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the
# next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.

# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
;   create mask = 0700

# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
;   directory mask = 0700

# By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone
# with access to the samba server. Un-comment the following parameter
# to make sure that only "username" can connect to \\server\username
# The following parameter makes sure that only "username" can connect
#
# This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes
;   valid users = %S

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
[netlogon]
    comment = Network Logon Service
    path = /home/samba/netlogon
    guest ok = yes
;   read only = yes

# Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store
# users profiles (see the "logon path" option above)
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
# The path below should be writable by all users so that their
# profile directory may be created the first time they log on
[profiles]
    comment = Users profiles
    path = /home/samba/profiles
;   guest ok = no
    browseable = no
    create mask = 0600
    directory mask = 0700
[printers]
    comment = All Printers
    browseable = no
    path = /var/spool/samba
    printable = yes
;   guest ok = no
;   read only = yes
    create mask = 0700

# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable
# printer drivers
[print$]
    comment = Printer Drivers
    path = /var/lib/samba/printers
;   browseable = yes
;   read only = yes
;   guest ok = no
# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.
# You may need to replace 'lpadmin' with the name of the group your
# admin users are members of.
# Please note that you also need to set appropriate Unix permissions
# to the drivers directory for these users to have write rights in it
;   write list = root, @lpadmin

# A sample share for sharing your CD-ROM with others.
;[cdrom]
;   comment = Samba server's CD-ROM
;   read only = yes
;   locking = no
;   path = /cdrom
;   guest ok = yes

# The next two parameters show how to auto-mount a CD-ROM when the
#   cdrom share is accesed. For this to work /etc/fstab must contain
#   an entry like this:
#
#       /dev/scd0   /cdrom  iso9660 defaults,noauto,ro,user   0 0
#
# The CD-ROM gets unmounted automatically after the connection to the
#
# If you don't want to use auto-mounting/unmounting make sure the CD
#   is mounted on /cdrom
#
;   preexec = /bin/mount /cdrom
;   postexec = /bin/umount /cdrom

[mail]
    path = /home/frigate/mail
    writable = yes
    browseable = yes


[Thunderbird]
    path = /home/frigate/Desktop/Thunderbird
    writable = yes
    browseable = yes

Answer 1

まず、rootユーザーであることを確認して、ターミナルを開いて入力します。これは私のサーバー用であることに注意してください。別の名前を使用しますが、アクションは同じです。

geoff*testserver:-$ Sudo passwd root
 [Sudo] password for geoff:
 Enter new unix password:
 Retype new unix password:
 passwd: password updated successfully
 geoff*testserver:-$

さて、次にrootユーザーとして制御できるようになりました。次に、サーバーに静的IPアドレスを与える必要があるため、入力します

geoff*testserver:-$ su
Password:

root*testserver:/home/geoff* ifconfig         (this will show all the nics)

bcast番号とネットマスク番号をメモして、静的IPアドレスを設定します。

root*testserver:/home/geoff* vi /etc/network/interfaces

次の行を探しますiface eth0 inet dchp

キーボードのINSERTを押してdchpをstaticに変更してから、スクリプトが次のようになるように詳細を追加します。

iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.10
 netmask 255.255.255.0
 network 192.168.0.0
 broadcast 192.168.1.255
 gateway 192.168.1.1

:wqを押してエスケープすると、スクリプトが書き込まれ、保存されます。ここで、ネットワークタイプを再起動します

root*testserver: /home/geoff* /etc/init.d/networking restart

更新を実行して、すべてがうまくいくかどうかを確認します

root*testserver: /home/geoff* apt-get update

多くのデータ行が画面をスクロールするのを確認する必要があります。これにより、ネットワークが構成され、更新を受信できることが確認されます。エラーが発生するだけの場合は、戻って修正する必要があります。別のゲートウェイを試してください。これまでのところすべて良いです。次のインストール

root*testserver: /home/geoff* apt-get install openssh-server samba smbclient cifs-utils ntp ntpdate

yをクリックしてインストールします。共有ディレクトリを作成します

root*testserver:/home/geoff* cd
 root*testserver:# mkdir /files

これでフォルダを作成できます

root*testserver:# mkdir /files/public
root=testserver:# mkdir /files/geoff

今、私たちはそれらを使用できるように入力します

 root*testserver:# chmod 777 /files/public
 root=testserver:# chmod 777 /files/geoff

作成するすべてのフォルダに対してこれを行います

次のパートでは、sambaを編集します。これは重要なので注意してください

root*testserver:# vi /etc/samba/smb.conf

ファイルの編集が完了したら、samba構成ファイルに移動し、すべてのユーザーのネットワーク上に配置されます。

ワークグループ設定までスクロールダウンし、これをネットワーク名に編集します。これはWindowsマシンにとって重要です。私はBLACKBIRDに設定しました

ファイルを編集できるように、キーボードのINSERTを押すことを忘れないでください。 [OK]を下にスクロールして、「wins support」からハッシュタグを削除し、値をnoからyesに変更します。

下にスクロールして、「名前の順序を解決」からセミコロンを削除します

下にスクロールして、「security = user」からハッシュタグを削除します

次にさらに下にスクロールして、さらに先に進むことができない場合は、以下を入力して共有フォルダーを有効にします

[ Geoff's files]
 comment = Geoff's files
 path = /files/geoff
 browseable = yes
 read only = no
[ Public files]
 comment = Public files
 path = /files/public
 browseable = yes
 read only = no

キーボードのエスケープキーを押して:wqと入力すると、編集内容が書き込まれて保存されます。

ここで、いくつかのコンピューターがこれを要求するサンバパスワードを追加します。

root*testserver:# smbpasswd -a geoff
 New SMB password
 Retype new SMB password:

すべてが完了しました。サーバーを再起動すると、ネットワーク上のすべてのフォルダーが表示されます。これは、スペースと大文字と小文字が幸運を左右するLINUXであることに注意してください。

Answer 2

PCがアドバタイズした共有を入力してアクセスする前に、ユーザーのSambaパスワードを追加する必要がありました。

smbpasswd -a [username]

security = userを設定していても、デフォルトでは、Sambaはシステムのパスワードファイルをチェックしません。

Answer 3

SMBサーバーが古く（たとえば、Win Server 2003の場合）、Ubuntuが十分に新しい場合（18）、マウントオプションにvers=1.0を追加する必要があります。 Ubuntu 16から18にアップグレードしたところ、古いSMB共有は、そのマウントオプションを明示的に追加しないとマウントされないことがわかりました。