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Pythonで一意のIDを生成するにはどうすればよいですか？

ランダムな値に基づいて一意のIDを生成する必要があります。

pythonrandomunique-id
130
Ryan

多分uuid.uuid4()が仕事をするかもしれません。詳細については、 id を参照してください。

143
Michael Aaron Safyan

PythonのUUID関数が必要になる場合があります。

21.15。uuid — RFC 4122に準拠したUUIDオブジェクト

例えば：

import uuid
print uuid.uuid4()

7d529dd4-548b-4258-aa8e-23e34dc8d43d

101
DreadPirateShawn

uniqueとrandomは相互に排他的です。おそらくあなたはこれが欲しい？

import random
def uniqueid():
    seed = random.getrandbits(32)
    while True:
       yield seed
       seed += 1

使用法：

unique_sequence = uniqueid()
id1 = next(unique_sequence)
id2 = next(unique_sequence)
id3 = next(unique_sequence)
ids = list(itertools.islice(unique_sequence, 1000))

返される2つのIDは同じではなく（一意）、これはランダム化されたシード値に基づいています

19
SingleNegationElimination
import time
import random
import socket
import hashlib

def guid( *args ):
    """
    Generates a universally unique ID.
    Any arguments only create more randomness.
    """
    t = long( time.time() * 1000 )
    r = long( random.random()*100000000000000000L )
    try:
        a = socket.gethostbyname( socket.gethostname() )
    except:
        # if we can't get a network address, just imagine one
        a = random.random()*100000000000000000L
    data = str(t)+' '+str(r)+' '+str(a)+' '+str(args)
    data = hashlib.md5(data).hexdigest()

    return data
6
mluebke

たぶんあなたのためにこの作品

str(uuid.uuid4().fields[-1])[:5]
5
Pjl

ここで実装を見つけることができます：

def __uniqueid__():
    """
      generate unique id with length 17 to 21.
      ensure uniqueness even with daylight savings events (clocks adjusted one-hour backward).

      if you generate 1 million ids per second during 100 years, you will generate 
      2*25 (approx sec per year) * 10**6 (1 million id per sec) * 100 (years) = 5 * 10**9 unique ids.

      with 17 digits (radix 16) id, you can represent 16**17 = 295147905179352825856 ids (around 2.9 * 10**20).
      In fact, as we need far less than that, we agree that the format used to represent id (seed + timestamp reversed)
      do not cover all numbers that could be represented with 35 digits (radix 16).

      if you generate 1 million id per second with this algorithm, it will increase the seed by less than 2**12 per hour
      so if a DST occurs and backward one hour, we need to ensure to generate unique id for twice times for the same period.
      the seed must be at least 1 to 2**13 range. if we want to ensure uniqueness for two hours (100% contingency), we need 
      a seed for 1 to 2**14 range. that's what we have with this algorithm. You have to increment seed_range_bits if you
      move your machine by airplane to another time zone or if you have a glucky wallet and use a computer that can generate
      more than 1 million ids per second.

      one Word about predictability : This algorithm is absolutely NOT designed to generate unpredictable unique id.
      you can add a sha-1 or sha-256 digest step at the end of this algorithm but you will loose uniqueness and enter to collision probability world.
      hash algorithms ensure that for same id generated here, you will have the same hash but for two differents id (a pair of ids), it is
      possible to have the same hash with a very little probability. You would certainly take an option on a bijective function that maps
      35 digits (or more) number to 35 digits (or more) number based on cipher block and secret key. read paper on breaking PRNG algorithms 
      in order to be convinced that problems could occur as soon as you use random library :)

      1 million id per second ?... on a Intel(R) Core(TM)2 CPU 6400 @ 2.13GHz, you get :

      >>> timeit.timeit(uniqueid,number=40000)
      1.0114529132843018

      an average of 40000 id/second
    """
    mynow=datetime.now
    sft=datetime.strftime
    # store old datetime each time in order to check if we generate during same microsecond (glucky wallet !)
    # or if daylight savings event occurs (when clocks are adjusted backward) [rarely detected at this level]
    old_time=mynow() # fake init - on very speed machine it could increase your seed to seed + 1... but we have our contingency :)
    # manage seed
    seed_range_bits=14 # max range for seed
    seed_max_value=2**seed_range_bits - 1 # seed could not exceed 2**nbbits - 1
    # get random seed
    seed=random.getrandbits(seed_range_bits)
    current_seed=str(seed)
    # producing new ids
    while True:
        # get current time 
        current_time=mynow()
        if current_time <= old_time:
            # previous id generated in the same microsecond or Daylight saving time event occurs (when clocks are adjusted backward)
            seed = max(1,(seed + 1) % seed_max_value)
            current_seed=str(seed)
        # generate new id (concatenate seed and timestamp as numbers)
        #newid=hex(int(''.join([sft(current_time,'%f%S%M%H%d%m%Y'),current_seed])))[2:-1]
        newid=int(''.join([sft(current_time,'%f%S%M%H%d%m%Y'),current_seed]))
        # save current time
        old_time=current_time
        # return a new id
        yield newid

""" you get a new id for each call of uniqueid() """
uniqueid=__uniqueid__().next

import unittest
class UniqueIdTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def testGen(self):
        for _ in range(3):
            m=[uniqueid() for _ in range(10)]
            self.assertEqual(len(m),len(set(m)),"duplicates found !")

それが役に立てば幸い ！

4
Brunch

多分 id モジュール？

4
zenazn

これは非常に高速に動作しますが、ランダムな値を生成するのではなく、単調に増加する値を生成します（特定のスレッドに対して）。

import threading

_uid = threading.local()
def genuid():
    if getattr(_uid, "uid", None) is None:
        _uid.tid = threading.current_thread().ident
        _uid.uid = 0
    _uid.uid += 1
    return (_uid.tid, _uid.uid)

これはスレッドセーフであり、文字列ではなくタプルでの作業には利点があります（もしあれば短い）。スレッドセーフが必要ない場合は、気軽にスレッドビットを削除してください（threading.localの代わりにobject（）を使用してtidを完全に削除してください） ）。

お役に立てば幸いです。

3
Vukasin Toroman