SQL Server：テーブルメタデータの抽出（説明、フィールド、およびそのデータ型）
SQL Server（2008）のテーブルに関する情報を抽出する方法を探しています。
必要なデータには、テーブルの説明（[プロパティ]ウィンドウの[説明]プロパティから入力）、フィールドのリストを含める必要がありますおよびそれぞれのデータ型。
そのようなメタデータを抽出する方法はありますか？私はいくつかのsys spを使用しなければならないと思いますが、どれを使用するのかわかりません。
説明データを取得するには、残念ながらsysobjects/syscolumnsを使用してIDを取得する必要があります。
SELECT u.name + '.' + t.name AS [table],
td.value AS [table_desc],
c.name AS [column],
cd.value AS [column_desc]
FROM sysobjects t
INNER JOIN sysusers u
ON u.uid = t.uid
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.extended_properties td
ON td.major_id = t.id
AND td.minor_id = 0
AND td.name = 'MS_Description'
INNER JOIN syscolumns c
ON c.id = t.id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.extended_properties cd
ON cd.major_id = c.id
AND cd.minor_id = c.colid
AND cd.name = 'MS_Description'
WHERE t.type = 'u'
ORDER BY t.name, c.colorder
Info-schemaでそれを行うことができますが、OBJECT_ID（）を呼び出すには等を連結する必要があります-だから何がポイントでしょうか？
テーブルと列に関する一般的な情報は、次のテーブルにあります。
select * from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
select * from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
テーブルの説明は拡張プロパティであり、sys.extended_propertiesからクエリできます。
select
TableName = tbl.table_schema + '.' + tbl.table_name,
TableDescription = prop.value,
ColumnName = col.column_name,
ColumnDataType = col.data_type
FROM information_schema.tables tbl
INNER JOIN information_schema.columns col
ON col.table_name = tbl.table_name
AND col.table_schema = tbl.table_schema
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties prop
ON prop.major_id = object_id(tbl.table_schema + '.' + tbl.table_name)
AND prop.minor_id = 0
AND prop.name = 'MS_Description'
WHERE tbl.table_type = 'base table'
sp_help <Name of object>
@Andomarの答えが一番好きでしたが、列の説明も必要でした。これらも含めるように変更された彼のクエリは次のとおりです。 （WHERE句の最後の部分のコメントを解除して、いずれかの説明がnullでない行のみを返します）。
SELECT
TableName = tbl.table_schema + '.' + tbl.table_name,
TableDescription = tableProp.value,
ColumnName = col.column_name,
ColumnDataType = col.data_type,
ColumnDescription = colDesc.ColumnDescription
FROM information_schema.tables tbl
INNER JOIN information_schema.columns col
ON col.table_name = tbl.table_name
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties tableProp
ON tableProp.major_id = object_id(tbl.table_schema + '.' + tbl.table_name)
AND tableProp.minor_id = 0
AND tableProp.name = 'MS_Description'
LEFT JOIN (
SELECT sc.object_id, sc.column_id, sc.name, colProp.[value] AS ColumnDescription
FROM sys.columns sc
INNER JOIN sys.extended_properties colProp
ON colProp.major_id = sc.object_id
AND colProp.minor_id = sc.column_id
AND colProp.name = 'MS_Description'
) colDesc
ON colDesc.object_id = object_id(tbl.table_schema + '.' + tbl.table_name)
AND colDesc.name = col.COLUMN_NAME
WHERE tbl.table_type = 'base table'
--AND tableProp.[value] IS NOT NULL OR colDesc.ColumnDescription IS NOT null
オブジェクトカタログビューの使用：
SELECT T.NAME AS [TABLE NAME], C.NAME AS [COLUMN NAME], P.NAME AS [DATA TYPE], P.MAX_LENGTH AS[SIZE], CAST(P.PRECISION AS VARCHAR) +‘/’+ CAST(P.SCALE AS VARCHAR) AS [PRECISION/SCALE]
FROM ADVENTUREWORKS.SYS.OBJECTS AS T
JOIN ADVENTUREWORKS.SYS.COLUMNS AS C
ON T.OBJECT_ID=C.OBJECT_ID
JOIN ADVENTUREWORKS.SYS.TYPES AS P
ON C.SYSTEM_TYPE_ID=P.SYSTEM_TYPE_ID
WHERE T.TYPE_DESC=‘USER_TABLE’;
情報スキーマビューの使用
SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME, ORDINAL_POSITION,
COLUMN_DEFAULT, DATA_TYPE, CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH,
NUMERIC_PRECISION, NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX, NUMERIC_SCALE,
DATETIME_PRECISION
FROM ADVENTUREWORKS.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
必要なメタデータの量に応じて、これは私のために機能しています：Northwind.dbo.Productsまたは単なるProductsのような全体がどこにある可能性があります
SELECT c.name Field,
t.name Type,
c.Precision,
c.Scale,
c.is_nullable,
c.collation_name
FROM sys.columns c
INNER JOIN sys.types t ON t.system_type_id=c.system_type_id
WHERE object_id=object_id('<table to inspect>')
ORDER BY column_id
Javaコードを使用してクエリをプルする場合、使用できる優れたクラスResultSetMetaDataがあり、列名と列のプロパティ（タイプと長さ）を取得できます。
例
ResultSet rs = null;
rs = sql.executeQuery();
if (rs != null) {
if (rs.next()) {
ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData();
for (int i = 1; i <= rsmd.getColumnCount(); i++) {
System.out.println("column name: "
+ rsmd.getColumnName(i));
System.out.println("column size: "
+ rsmd.getColumnDisplaySize(i));
}
}
基本的なメタデータの概要を取得する最も簡単な方法は、一時テーブルを使用してからEXEC関数を使用することです。
SELECT * INTO #TempTable FROM TableName
EXEC [tempdb].[dbo].[sp_help] N'#TempTable'
テーブル内のすべての列について、列名、
データ・タイプ、
計算された長さ、
Prec、
スケール、Nullable、
TrimTrailingBlanks、FixedLenNullInSource、照合タイプ
これをチェックしてください：
SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA ,
TABLE_NAME ,
COLUMN_NAME ,
ORDINAL_POSITION ,
COLUMN_DEFAULT ,
DATA_TYPE ,
CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH ,
NUMERIC_PRECISION ,
NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX ,
NUMERIC_SCALE ,
DATETIME_PRECISION
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
where TABLE_SCHEMA in ('dbo','meta')
and table_name in (select name from sys.tables)
order by TABLE_SCHEMA , TABLE_NAME ,ORDINAL_POSITION
このSQLコードを使用して、列に関するすべての情報を取得します。
SELECT
COL.COLUMN_NAME,
ORDINAL_POSITION,
DATA_TYPE,
CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH,
NUMERIC_PRECISION,
NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX,
NUMERIC_SCALE,
DATETIME_PRECISION,
IS_NULLABLE,
CONSTRAINT_TYPE,
COLUMNPROPERTY(object_id(COL.TABLE_NAME), COL.COLUMN_NAME, 'IsIdentity') IS_IDENTITY,
COLUMNPROPERTY(object_id(COL.TABLE_NAME), COL.COLUMN_NAME, 'IsComputed') IS_COMPUTED
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS COL
LEFT OUTER JOIN
(
SELECT COLUMN_NAME, CONSTRAINT_TYPE
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE A
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS B
ON A.CONSTRAINT_NAME = B.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE A.TABLE_NAME = 'User'
) CONS
ON COL.COLUMN_NAME = CONS.COLUMN_NAME
WHERE COL.TABLE_NAME = 'User'
単に便利な方法で情報を表示したい場合は、Red GateのSQLプロンプトが役立つ場合があります。
クエリウィンドウでオブジェクトテキストにカーソルを合わせると、SQLプロンプトはMS_Description拡張プロパティテキストをツールチップに表示します。ツールチップをクリックすると、列情報とオブジェクトのDDLを表示するダイアログが開きます。
http://www.red-gate.com/products/sql-development/sql-Prompt/
select Col.name Columnname,prop.Value Description, tbl.name Tablename, sch.name schemaname
from sys.columns col left outer join sys.extended_properties prop
on prop.major_id = col.object_id and prop.minor_id = col.column_id
inner join sys.tables tbl on col.object_id = tbl.object_id
Left outer join sys.schemas sch on sch.schema_id = tbl.schema_id
SELECT
sc.name AS ColumnName
,ep.*
FROM
sys.columns AS sc
INNER JOIN sys.extended_properties AS ep
ON ep.major_id = sc.[object_id]
AND ep.minor_id = sc.column_id
WHERE
--here put your desired table
sc.[object_id] = OBJECT_ID('[Northwind].[dbo].[Products]')
-- this is optional, remove this and you get all extended props
AND ep.name = 'MS_Description'
.NETコードを使用しても問題ない場合は、SMOを使用することをお勧めします。 http://msdn.Microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms162169.aspx 、特定のケースではテーブルクラス http://msdn.Microsoft.com/en-us/library/Microsoft.sqlserver.management.smo.table.aspx これは、バージョン固有のシステムビューを使用するよりも移植性の高いソリューションです。およびテーブル。
これが定期的に使用するものである場合-おそらくランタイムT4コードジェネレーターを使用して、単純なコンソールアプリケーションを記述したい場合があります http://msdn.Microsoft.com/en-us/library /ee844259.aspx
1回限りのタスクの場合-LiveDocoの（ http://www.livedoco.com ）オプションのXSLT変換を使用してXML機能にエクスポートするか、無料のツールがあるはずですこれを行うことができます。これは大丈夫に見えます： http://sqldbdoc.codeplex.com/ -XSLT経由でXMLをサポートしますが、選択したテーブルに対してXMLを実行できるかどうかはわかりません（LiveDocoでは）。
コード生成/ t4テンプレートの厳密に型指定されたC＃オブジェクトを返すいくつかの便利なクエリを使用して、.netライブラリを完成させました。
/// <summary>
/// Get All Table Names
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public List<string> GetTableNames()
{
var sql = @"SELECT name
FROM dbo.sysobjects
WHERE xtype = 'U'
AND name <> 'sysdiagrams'
order by name asc";
return databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<string>(
sql: sql))
.ToList();
}
/// <summary>
/// Get table info by schema and table or null for all
/// </summary>
/// <param name="schema"></param>
/// <param name="table"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public List<SqlTableInfo> GetTableInfo(string schema = null, string table = null)
{
var result = new List<SqlTableInfo>();
var sql = @"SELECT
c.TABLE_CATALOG AS [TableCatalog]
, c.TABLE_SCHEMA AS [Schema]
, c.TABLE_NAME AS [TableName]
, c.COLUMN_NAME AS [ColumnName]
, c.ORDINAL_POSITION AS [OrdinalPosition]
, c.COLUMN_DEFAULT AS [ColumnDefault]
, c.IS_NULLABLE AS [Nullable]
, c.DATA_TYPE AS [DataType]
, c.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS [CharacterMaxLength]
, c.CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH AS [CharacterOctetLenth]
, c.NUMERIC_PRECISION AS [NumericPrecision]
, c.NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX AS [NumericPrecisionRadix]
, c.NUMERIC_SCALE AS [NumericScale]
, c.DATETIME_PRECISION AS [DatTimePrecision]
, c.CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG AS [CharacterSetCatalog]
, c.CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA AS [CharacterSetSchema]
, c.CHARACTER_SET_NAME AS [CharacterSetName]
, c.COLLATION_CATALOG AS [CollationCatalog]
, c.COLLATION_SCHEMA AS [CollationSchema]
, c.COLLATION_NAME AS [CollationName]
, c.DOMAIN_CATALOG AS [DomainCatalog]
, c.DOMAIN_SCHEMA AS [DomainSchema]
, c.DOMAIN_NAME AS [DomainName]
, IsPrimaryKey = CONVERT(BIT, (SELECT
COUNT(*)
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS tc
, INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE cu
WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
AND tc.CONSTRAINT_NAME = cu.CONSTRAINT_NAME
AND tc.TABLE_NAME = c.TABLE_NAME
AND cu.TABLE_SCHEMA = c.TABLE_SCHEMA
AND cu.COLUMN_NAME = c.COLUMN_NAME)
)
, IsIdentity = CONVERT(BIT, (SELECT
COUNT(*)
FROM sys.objects obj
INNER JOIN sys.COLUMNS col
ON obj.object_id = col.object_id
WHERE obj.type = 'U'
AND obj.Name = c.TABLE_NAME
AND col.Name = c.COLUMN_NAME
AND col.is_identity = 1)
)
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS c
WHERE (@Schema IS NULL
OR c.TABLE_SCHEMA = @Schema)
AND (@TableName IS NULL
OR c.TABLE_NAME = @TableName)
";
var columns = databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<SqlColumnInfo>(
sql: sql,
param: new { Schema = schema, TableName = table },
commandType: CommandType.Text)
.ToList());
var refs = this.GetReferentialConstraints(table: table, schema: schema);
foreach (var tableName in columns.Select(info => info.TableName).Distinct())
{
var tableColumns = columns.Where(info => info.TableName == tableName).ToList();
var children = refs.Where(c => c.UniqueTableName == tableName).ToList();
var parents = refs.Where(c => c.TableName == tableName).ToList();
result.Add(new SqlTableInfo
{
TableName = tableName,
Columns = tableColumns,
ChildConstraints = children,
ParentConstraints = parents
});
}
return result;
}
public List<SqlReferentialConstraint> GetReferentialConstraints(string table = null, string schema = null)
{
//https://technet.Microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa175805%28v=sql.80%29.aspx
//https://technet.Microsoft.com/en-us/library/Aa175805.312ron1%28l=en-us,v=sql.80%29.jpg
//https://msdn.Microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms186778.aspx
var sql = @"
SELECT
KCU1.CONSTRAINT_NAME AS [ConstraintName]
, KCU1.TABLE_NAME AS [TableName]
, KCU1.COLUMN_NAME AS [ColumnName]
, KCU2.CONSTRAINT_NAME AS [UniqueConstraintName]
, KCU2.TABLE_NAME AS [UniqueTableName]
, KCU2.COLUMN_NAME AS [UniqueColumnName]
, RC.MATCH_OPTION AS [MatchOption]
, RC.UPDATE_RULE AS [UpdateRule]
, RC.DELETE_RULE AS [DeleteRule]
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS RC
LEFT JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE KCU1 ON KCU1.CONSTRAINT_CATALOG = RC.CONSTRAINT_CATALOG
AND KCU1.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA = RC.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA
AND KCU1.CONSTRAINT_NAME = RC.CONSTRAINT_NAME
LEFT JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE KCU2 ON KCU2.CONSTRAINT_CATALOG = RC.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_CATALOG
AND KCU2.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA = RC.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA
AND KCU2.CONSTRAINT_NAME = RC.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE KCU1.ORDINAL_POSITION = KCU2.ORDINAL_POSITION
AND (@Table IS NULL
OR KCU1.TABLE_NAME = @Table
OR KCU2.TABLE_NAME = @Table)
AND (@Schema IS NULL
OR KCU1.TABLE_SCHEMA = @Schema
OR KCU2.TABLE_SCHEMA = @Schema)
";
return databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<SqlReferentialConstraint>(
sql: sql,
param: new { Table = table, Schema = schema },
commandType: CommandType.Text))
.ToList();
}
/// <summary>
/// Get Primary Key Column by schema and table name
/// </summary>
/// <param name="schema"></param>
/// <param name="tableName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public string GetPrimaryKeyColumnName(string schema, string tableName)
{
var sql = @"SELECT
B.COLUMN_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS A
, INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE B
WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
AND A.CONSTRAINT_NAME = B.CONSTRAINT_NAME
AND A.TABLE_NAME = @TableName
AND A.TABLE_SCHEMA = @Schema";
return databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<string>(
sql: sql,
param: new { TableName = tableName, Schema = schema },
commandType: CommandType.Text))
.SingleOrDefault();
}
/// <summary>
/// Get Identity Column by table name
/// </summary>
/// <param name="tableName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public string GetIdentityColumnName(string tableName)
{
var sql = @"SELECT
c.Name
FROM sys.objects o
INNER JOIN sys.columns c ON o.object_id = c.object_id
WHERE o.type = 'U'
AND c.is_identity = 1
AND o.Name = @TableName";
return databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<string>(
sql: sql,
param: new { TableName = tableName },
commandType: CommandType.Text))
.SingleOrDefault();
}
/// <summary>
/// Get All Stored Procedures by schema
/// </summary>
/// <param name="schema"></param>
/// <param name="procName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public List<SqlStoredProcedureInfo> GetStoredProcedureInfo(string schema = null, string procName = null)
{
var result = new List<SqlStoredProcedureInfo>();
var sql = @"SELECT
SPECIFIC_NAME AS [Name]
, SPECIFIC_SCHEMA AS [Schema]
, Created AS [Created]
, LAST_ALTERED AS [LastAltered]
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINES
WHERE ROUTINE_TYPE = 'PROCEDURE'
AND (SPECIFIC_SCHEMA = @Schema
OR @Schema IS NULL)
AND (SPECIFIC_NAME = @ProcName
OR @ProcName IS NULL)
AND ((SPECIFIC_NAME NOT LIKE 'sp_%'
AND SPECIFIC_NAME NOT LIKE 'procUtils_GenerateClass'
AND (SPECIFIC_SCHEMA = @Schema
OR @Schema IS NULL))
OR SPECIFIC_SCHEMA <> @Schema)";
var sprocs = databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<SqlStoredProcedureInfo>(
sql: sql,
param: new { Schema = schema, ProcName = procName },
commandType: CommandType.Text).ToList());
foreach (var s in sprocs)
{
s.Parameters = GetStoredProcedureInputParameters(sprocName: s.Name, schema: schema);
s.ResultColumns = GetColumnInfoFromStoredProcResult(storedProcName: s.Name, schema: schema);
result.Add(s);
}
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// Get Column info from Stored procedure result set
/// </summary>
/// <param name="schema"></param>
/// <param name="storedProcName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public List<DataColumn> GetColumnInfoFromStoredProcResult(string schema, string storedProcName)
{
//this one actually needs to use the dataset because it has the only accurate information about columns and if they can be null or not.
var sb = new StringBuilder();
if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(schema))
{
sb.Append(String.Format("exec [{0}].[{1}] ", schema, storedProcName));
}
else
{
sb.Append(String.Format("exec [{0}] ", storedProcName));
}
var prms = GetStoredProcedureInputParameters(schema, storedProcName);
var count = 1;
foreach (var param in prms)
{
sb.Append(String.Format("{0}=null", param.Name));
if (count < prms.Count)
{
sb.Append(", ");
}
count++;
}
var ds = new DataSet();
using (var sqlConnection = (SqlConnection)databaseWrapper.GetOpenDbConnection())
{
using (var sqlAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(sb.ToString(), sqlConnection))
{
if (sqlConnection.State != ConnectionState.Open) sqlConnection.Open();
sqlAdapter.SelectCommand.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.SchemaOnly);
sqlConnection.Close();
sqlAdapter.FillSchema(ds, SchemaType.Source, "MyTable");
}
}
var list = new List<DataColumn>();
if (ds.Tables.Count > 0)
{
list = ds.Tables["MyTable"].Columns.Cast<DataColumn>().ToList();
}
return list;
}
/// <summary>
/// Get the input parameters for a stored procedure
/// </summary>
/// <param name="schema"></param>
/// <param name="sprocName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public List<SqlParameterInfo> GetStoredProcedureInputParameters(string schema = null, string sprocName = null)
{
var sql = @"SELECT
SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id) AS [Schema]
, P.Name AS Name
, @ProcName AS ProcedureName
, TYPE_NAME(P.user_type_id) AS [ParameterDataType]
, P.max_length AS [MaxLength]
, P.Precision AS [Precision]
, P.Scale AS Scale
, P.has_default_value AS HasDefaultValue
, P.default_value AS DefaultValue
, P.object_id AS ObjectId
, P.parameter_id AS ParameterId
, P.system_type_id AS SystemTypeId
, P.user_type_id AS UserTypeId
, P.is_output AS IsOutput
, P.is_cursor_ref AS IsCursor
, P.is_xml_document AS IsXmlDocument
, P.xml_collection_id AS XmlCollectionId
, P.is_readonly AS IsReadOnly
FROM sys.objects AS SO
INNER JOIN sys.parameters AS P ON SO.object_id = P.object_id
WHERE SO.object_id IN (SELECT
object_id
FROM sys.objects
WHERE type IN ('P', 'FN'))
AND (SO.Name = @ProcName
OR @ProcName IS NULL)
AND (SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id) = @Schema
OR @Schema IS NULL)
ORDER BY P.parameter_id ASC";
var result = databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<SqlParameterInfo>(
sql: sql,
param: new { Schema = schema, ProcName = sprocName },
commandType: CommandType.Text))
.ToList();
return result;
}