マウントされたNTFS共有をnginxで使用する
Ubuntu Server 12.04LTSとLEMPスタックを使用してローカルテストVMをセットアップしました。 Windowsで開発を行っているため、すべてのPHPスクリプトをローカルマシンに配置する代わりに、ドキュメントルートとしてNTFS共有をマウントしたため、これは一種の型破りな設定です。今朝まですべてが完全に機能していましたが、今では恐ろしい「ファイルが見つかりません」というメッセージが表示され続けます。エラー。
サイトを/var/wwwにコピーすると、nginxとphp-fpmはPHPスクリプトの提供に問題がないため、これは何らかの形で権限に関連している必要があるとほぼ確信しています。私が理解できないのは、突然（サーバーの再起動後）、PHPファイルが提供されず、代わりに「ファイルが見つかりません」だけが提供される理由です。エラー。静的ファイルは正常に機能するので、頭痛の種はPHPだと思います。
Nginxとphp-fpmはどちらも、ユーザーwww-dataとして実行するように構成されています。
root@ubuntu-server:~# ps aux | grep 'nginx\|php-fpm'
root 1095 0.0 0.0 5816 792 ? Ss 11:11 0:00 nginx: master process /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
www-data 1096 0.0 0.1 6016 1172 ? S 11:11 0:00 nginx: worker process
www-data 1098 0.0 0.1 6016 1172 ? S 11:11 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 1130 0.0 0.4 175560 4212 ? Ss 11:11 0:00 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php5/php-fpm.conf)
www-data 1131 0.0 0.3 175560 3216 ? S 11:11 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
www-data 1132 0.0 0.3 175560 3216 ? S 11:11 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
www-data 1133 0.0 0.3 175560 3216 ? S 11:11 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
root 1686 0.0 0.0 4368 816 pts/1 S+ 11:11 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx\|php-fpm
/mnt/webfilesを編集し、次の行を追加して、NTFS共有を/etc/fstabにマウントしました。
//192.168.0.199/c$/Websites/ /mnt/webfiles cifs username=Jordan,password=mypasswordhere,gid=33,uid=33 0 0
ここで、gid 33はwww-dataグループであり、uid33はユーザーwww-dataです。私のサイトの1つのコンテンツをリストすると、実際にはそれらがユーザーwww-dataに属していることがわかります。
root@ubuntu-server:~# ls -l /mnt/webfiles/nTv5-2.0
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 0 www-data www-data 0 Jun 6 19:12 app
drwxr-xr-x 0 www-data www-data 0 Aug 22 19:00 assets
-rwxr-xr-x 0 www-data www-data 1150 Jan 4 2012 favicon.ico
-rwxr-xr-x 0 www-data www-data 1412 Dec 28 2011 index.php
drwxr-xr-x 0 www-data www-data 0 Jun 3 16:44 lib
drwxr-xr-x 0 www-data www-data 0 Jan 3 2012 plugins
drwxr-xr-x 0 www-data www-data 0 Jun 3 16:45 vendors
Www-dataユーザーに切り替えると、共有に新しいファイルを作成するのに問題はありません。
root@ubuntu-server:~# su www-data
$ > /mnt/webfiles/test.txt
$ ls -l /mnt/webfiles | grep test\.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 0 www-data www-data 0 Sep 8 11:19 test.txt
ユーザーwww-dataとして実行されているphp-fpmを使用して、共有の読み取りまたは書き込みに問題はありません。
Nginxのエラーログを調べると、次のような行がたくさんあります。
2012/09/08 11:22:36 [error] 1096#0: *1 FastCGI sent in stderr: "Primary script unknown" while reading response header from upstream, client: 192.168.0.199, server: , request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock:", Host: "192.168.0.123"
2012/09/08 11:22:39 [error] 1096#0: *1 FastCGI sent in stderr: "Primary script unknown" while reading response header from upstream, client: 192.168.0.199, server: , request: "GET /apc.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock:", Host: "192.168.0.123"
これが以前は機能していたのは奇妙なことですが、今では突然PHPが、共有上のスクリプトを「見つける」ことができないと不平を言っています。なぜこれが起こっているのか誰かが知っていますか？
[〜＃〜]編集[〜＃〜]
Php-fpm.confを編集して、chdirを次のように変更してみました。
chdir = /mnt/webfiles
Php-fpmサービスを再起動しようとすると、次のエラーが発生します。
Starting php-fpm [08-Sep-2012 14:20:55] ERROR: [pool www] the chdir path '/mnt/webfiles' does not exist or is not a directory
このディレクトリは存在し、マウントされているため、これはでたらめの総負荷です！そのディレクトリを一覧表示するlsコマンドはすべて完全に機能します。なぜPHP-FPMはこのディレクトリを見ることができないのですか？！
参照用の構成ファイルは次のとおりです。
nginx.conf
user www-data;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /var/log/nginx/nginx.log info;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
multi_accept on;
}
http {
include fastcgi.conf;
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
set_real_ip_from 127.0.0.1;
real_ip_header X-Forwarded-For;
## Proxy
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $Host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
client_max_body_size 32m;
client_body_buffer_size 128k;
proxy_connect_timeout 90;
proxy_send_timeout 90;
proxy_read_timeout 90;
proxy_buffers 32 4k;
## Compression
gzip on;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.(?!.*SV1)";
### TCP options
tcp_nodelay on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
sendfile on;
include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}
マイサイト設定
server {
listen 80;
access_log /var/log/nginx/$Host.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
root /mnt/webfiles/nTv5-2.0/app/webroot;
index index.php;
## Block bad bots
if ($http_user_agent ~* (HTTrack|HTMLParser|libcurl|discobot|Exabot|Casper|kmccrew|plaNETWORK|RPT-HTTPClient)) {
return 444;
}
## Block certain Referers (case insensitive)
if ($http_referer ~* (sex|vigra|viagra) ) {
return 444;
}
## Deny dot files:
location ~ /\. {
deny all;
}
## Favicon Not Found
location = /favicon.ico {
access_log off;
log_not_found off;
}
## Robots.txt Not Found
location = /robots.txt {
access_log off;
log_not_found off;
}
if (-f $document_root/maintenance.html) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /maintenance.html last;
}
location ~* \.(?:ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png)$ {
# Some basic cache-control for static files to be sent to the browser
expires max;
add_header Pragma public;
add_header Cache-Control "max-age=2678400, public, must-revalidate";
}
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ index.php;
if (-f $request_filename) {
break;
}
rewrite ^(.+)$ /index.php?url=$1 last;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
include /etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf;
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
}
}
php-fpm.conf
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; FPM Configuration ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; All relative paths in this configuration file are relative to PHP's install
; prefix (/opt/php5). This prefix can be dynamicaly changed by using the
; '-p' argument from the command line.
; Include one or more files. If glob(3) exists, it is used to include a bunch of
; files from a glob(3) pattern. This directive can be used everywhere in the
; file.
; Relative path can also be used. They will be prefixed by:
; - the global prefix if it's been set (-p arguement)
; - /opt/php5 otherwise
;include=etc/fpm.d/*.conf
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Global Options ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
[global]
; Pid file
; Note: the default prefix is /opt/php5/var
; Default Value: none
pid = /var/run/php-fpm.pid
; Error log file
; Note: the default prefix is /opt/php5/var
; Default Value: log/php-fpm.log
error_log = /var/log/php5-fpm/php-fpm.log
; Log level
; Possible Values: alert, error, warning, notice, debug
; Default Value: notice
;log_level = notice
; If this number of child processes exit with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS within the time
; interval set by emergency_restart_interval then FPM will restart. A value
; of '0' means 'Off'.
; Default Value: 0
;emergency_restart_threshold = 0
; Interval of time used by emergency_restart_interval to determine when
; a graceful restart will be initiated. This can be useful to work around
; accidental corruptions in an accelerator's shared memory.
; Available Units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Unit: seconds
; Default Value: 0
;emergency_restart_interval = 0
; Time limit for child processes to wait for a reaction on signals from master.
; Available units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Unit: seconds
; Default Value: 0
;process_control_timeout = 0
; Send FPM to background. Set to 'no' to keep FPM in foreground for debugging.
; Default Value: yes
;daemonize = yes
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Pool Definitions ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Multiple pools of child processes may be started with different listening
; ports and different management options. The name of the pool will be
; used in logs and stats. There is no limitation on the number of pools which
; FPM can handle. Your system will tell you anyway :)
; Start a new pool named 'www'.
; the variable $pool can we used in any directive and will be replaced by the
; pool name ('www' here)
[www]
; Per pool prefix
; It only applies on the following directives:
; - 'slowlog'
; - 'listen' (unixsocket)
; - 'chroot'
; - 'chdir'
; - 'php_values'
; - 'php_admin_values'
; When not set, the global prefix (or /opt/php5) applies instead.
; Note: This directive can also be relative to the global prefix.
; Default Value: none
;prefix = /path/to/pools/$pool
; The address on which to accept FastCGI requests.
; Valid syntaxes are:
; 'ip.add.re.ss:port' - to listen on a TCP socket to a specific address on
; a specific port;
; 'port' - to listen on a TCP socket to all addresses on a
; specific port;
; '/path/to/unix/socket' - to listen on a unix socket.
; Note: This value is mandatory.
;listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
listen = /var/run/php5-fpm.sock
; Set listen(2) backlog. A value of '-1' means unlimited.
; Default Value: 128 (-1 on FreeBSD and OpenBSD)
;listen.backlog = -1
; List of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients which are allowed to connect.
; Equivalent to the FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment variable in the original
; PHP FCGI (5.2.2+). Makes sense only with a tcp listening socket. Each address
; must be separated by a comma. If this value is left blank, connections will be
; accepted from any ip address.
; Default Value: any
;listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1
; Set permissions for unix socket, if one is used. In Linux, read/write
; permissions must be set in order to allow connections from a web server. Many
; BSD-derived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
; Default Values: user and group are set as the running user
; mode is set to 0666
;listen.owner = www-data
;listen.group = www-data
;listen.mode = 0666
; Unix user/group of processes
; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user's group
; will be used.
user = www-data
group = www-data
; Choose how the process manager will control the number of child processes.
; Possible Values:
; static - a fixed number (pm.max_children) of child processes;
; dynamic - the number of child processes are set dynamically based on the
; following directives:
; pm.max_children - the maximum number of children that can
; be alive at the same time.
; pm.start_servers - the number of children created on startup.
; pm.min_spare_servers - the minimum number of children in 'idle'
; state (waiting to process). If the number
; of 'idle' processes is less than this
; number then some children will be created.
; pm.max_spare_servers - the maximum number of children in 'idle'
; state (waiting to process). If the number
; of 'idle' processes is greater than this
; number then some children will be killed.
; Note: This value is mandatory.
pm = dynamic
; The number of child processes to be created when pm is set to 'static' and the
; maximum number of child processes to be created when pm is set to 'dynamic'.
; This value sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be
; served. Equivalent to the ApacheMaxClients directive with mpm_prefork.
; Equivalent to the PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment variable in the original PHP
; CGI.
; Note: Used when pm is set to either 'static' or 'dynamic'
; Note: This value is mandatory.
pm.max_children = 50
; The number of child processes created on startup.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic'
; Default Value: min_spare_servers + (max_spare_servers - min_spare_servers) / 2
pm.start_servers = 20
; The desired minimum number of idle server processes.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic'
; Note: Mandatory when pm is set to 'dynamic'
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
; The desired maximum number of idle server processes.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic'
; Note: Mandatory when pm is set to 'dynamic'
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
; The number of requests each child process should execute before respawning.
; This can be useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries. For
; endless request processing specify '0'. Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS.
; Default Value: 0
pm.max_requests = 500
; The URI to view the FPM status page. If this value is not set, no URI will be
; recognized as a status page. By default, the status page shows the following
; information:
; accepted conn - the number of request accepted by the pool;
; pool - the name of the pool;
; process manager - static or dynamic;
; idle processes - the number of idle processes;
; active processes - the number of active processes;
; total processes - the number of idle + active processes.
; max children reached - number of times, the process limit has been reached,
; when pm tries to start more children (works only for
; pm 'dynamic')
; The values of 'idle processes', 'active processes' and 'total processes' are
; updated each second. The value of 'accepted conn' is updated in real time.
; Example output:
; accepted conn: 12073
; pool: www
; process manager: static
; idle processes: 35
; active processes: 65
; total processes: 100
; max children reached: 1
; By default the status page output is formatted as text/plain. Passing either
; 'html' or 'json' as a query string will return the corresponding output
; syntax. Example:
; http://www.foo.bar/status
; http://www.foo.bar/status?json
; http://www.foo.bar/status?html
; Note: The value must start with a leading slash (/). The value can be
; anything, but it may not be a good idea to use the .php extension or it
; may conflict with a real PHP file.
; Default Value: not set
pm.status_path = /status
; The ping URI to call the monitoring page of FPM. If this value is not set, no
; URI will be recognized as a ping page. This could be used to test from outside
; that FPM is alive and responding, or to
; - create a graph of FPM availability (rrd or such);
; - remove a server from a group if it is not responding (load balancing);
; - trigger alerts for the operating team (24/7).
; Note: The value must start with a leading slash (/). The value can be
; anything, but it may not be a good idea to use the .php extension or it
; may conflict with a real PHP file.
; Default Value: not set
ping.path = /ping
; This directive may be used to customize the response of a ping request. The
; response is formatted as text/plain with a 200 response code.
; Default Value: pong
ping.response = pong
; The timeout for serving a single request after which the worker process will
; be killed. This option should be used when the 'max_execution_time' ini option
; does not stop script execution for some reason. A value of '0' means 'off'.
; Available units: s(econds)(default), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Value: 0
;request_terminate_timeout = 0
; The timeout for serving a single request after which a PHP backtrace will be
; dumped to the 'slowlog' file. A value of '0s' means 'off'.
; Available units: s(econds)(default), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Value: 0
;request_slowlog_timeout = 0
; The log file for slow requests
; Default Value: not set
; Note: slowlog is mandatory if request_slowlog_timeout is set
;slowlog = log/$pool.log.slow
; Set open file descriptor rlimit.
; Default Value: system defined value
;rlimit_files = 1024
; Set max core size rlimit.
; Possible Values: 'unlimited' or an integer greater or equal to 0
; Default Value: system defined value
;rlimit_core = 0
; Chroot to this directory at the start. This value must be defined as an
; absolute path. When this value is not set, chroot is not used.
; Note: you can prefix with '$prefix' to chroot to the pool prefix or one
; of its subdirectories. If the pool prefix is not set, the global prefix
; will be used instead.
; Note: chrooting is a great security feature and should be used whenever
; possible. However, all PHP paths will be relative to the chroot
; (error_log, sessions.save_path, ...).
; Default Value: not set
;chroot =
; Chdir to this directory at the start.
; Note: relative path can be used.
; Default Value: current directory or / when chroot
;chdir = /var/www
; Redirect worker stdout and stderr into main error log. If not set, stdout and
; stderr will be redirected to /dev/null according to FastCGI specs.
; Note: on highloaded environement, this can cause some delay in the page
; process time (several ms).
; Default Value: no
;catch_workers_output = yes
; Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH. All $VARIABLEs are taken from
; the current environment.
; Default Value: clean env
;env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
;env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
;env[TMP] = /tmp
;env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
;env[TEMP] = /tmp
; Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers. These settings
; overwrite the values previously defined in the php.ini. The directives are the
; same as the PHP SAPI:
; php_value/php_flag - you can set classic ini defines which can
; be overwritten from PHP call 'ini_set'.
; php_admin_value/php_admin_flag - these directives won't be overwritten by
; PHP call 'ini_set'
; For php_*flag, valid values are on, off, 1, 0, true, false, yes or no.
; Defining 'extension' will load the corresponding shared extension from
; extension_dir. Defining 'disable_functions' or 'disable_classes' will not
; overwrite previously defined php.ini values, but will append the new value
; instead.
; Note: path INI options can be relative and will be expanded with the prefix
; (pool, global or /opt/php5)
; Default Value: nothing is defined by default except the values in php.ini and
; specified at startup with the -d argument
;php_admin_value[sendmail_path] = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i -f [email protected]
;php_flag[display_errors] = off
;php_admin_value[error_log] = /var/log/fpm-php.www.log
;php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on
;php_admin_value[memory_limit] = 32M
php_admin_value[sendmail_path] = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i
私はついにこれを理解することができました！マウントに問題があったことが判明しました。サーバー（Windows）に依存してiノード番号を渡す代わりに、クライアント（Ubuntu）にiノード番号を生成するように設定しました。マウントコマンドを/etc/fstabのように変更したものは次のとおりです。
//192.168.0.199/c$/Websites/ /mnt/webfiles cifs username=Jordan,password=xxx,gid=33,uid=33,rw,noserverino 0 0
キッカーはnoserverinoオプションです。ビールの時間。