Windows7でsamba共有フォルダーにアクセスできません

Question

RHELを実行しているサーバーがあります。ネットワークには、3つのワークステーションがあります。2つはLinux（RHEL）、もう1つはWindows 7です。sambaを使用して（サーバーに接続された）ストレージデバイスをワークステーションと共有しています。 1年以上の間、これはうまくいきました。しかし、昨日サーバーを更新した後、Windowsワークステーションの共有フォルダーにアクセスできません。

具体的には、Windowsはパスワードを認識しなくなりました。 「ネットワークドライブのマップ」をクリックし、共有フォルダーへのパスを入力し、資格情報を入力すると、Windowsは「指定されたネットワークパスワードが正しくありません」と表示します。ただし、両方のLinuxワークステーションの共有フォルダーにアクセスできます。

これが私がチェックして確認したものです：

• LANManager認証レベルが「LMとNTLMの送信-ネゴシエートされた場合はNTLMv2セッションセキュリティを使用する」に設定されていることを確認しました。 [-- ここから）
• 両方のLinuxワークステーションの共有フォルダーにアクセスできることを確認しました
• 新しい共有フォルダを作成し、両方のLinuxワークステーションでもアクセスできます
• Windowsワークステーションからサーバーにpingできることを確認した。
• すべてのマシンで日付と時刻が正しいことを確認しました
• すべてを再起動してみました（そして問題がなくなることを期待しています）

期待される動作：Windowsに共有フォルダーへのアクセスを許可したい

発生していないこと：Windowsが共有フォルダにアクセスできない

更新前（2日前）にフォルダにアクセスできたことを繰り返し説明します。私の現在のsambaのバージョンは4.6.2で、RHELは7.4です。

Smb.confファイル（以下の完全なファイル）の断片は次のとおりです。

#======================= Global Settings =====================================

[global]

# ----------------------- Network-Related Options -------------------------
    workgroup = MSHOME
    server string = Samba Server Version %v

# ----------------------- Standalone Server Options ------------------------
    security = user
    passdb backend = tdbsam

    [MBIAL_STORAGE]
    path = /run/media/MBIAL/MBIAL_STORAGE
    guest ok = yes
    browseable = yes
    writable = yes
    valid_users = MBIAL
    # write list = test
    # valid users = test

ここで、MBIAL_STORAGEは共有フォルダーの名前です。 Linuxワークステーションは、smb：// IP_ADDRESS/mbial_storageを使用して、MBIALをユーザー名として、MSHOMEをワークグループとして使用して、これにアクセスしています。ユーザー名としてWindowsMSHOME\MBIALを指定しようとしましたが、うまくいきませんでした。

完全なsmb.confファイルは次のとおりです。

# This is the main Samba configuration file. For detailed information about the
# options listed here, refer to the smb.conf(5) manual page. Samba has a huge
# number of configurable options, most of which are not shown in this example.
#
# The Official Samba 3.2.x HOWTO and Reference Guide contains step-by-step
# guides for installing, configuring, and using Samba:
# http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/Samba-HOWTO-Collection.pdf
#
# The Samba-3 by Example guide has working examples for smb.conf. This guide is
# generated daily: http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/Samba-Guide.pdf
#
# In this file, lines starting with a semicolon (;) or a hash (#) are
# comments and are ignored. This file uses hashes to denote commentary and
# semicolons for parts of the file you may wish to configure.
#
# Note: Run the "testparm" command after modifying this file to check for basic
# syntax errors.
#
#---------------
# Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) Notes:
#
# Turn the samba_domain_controller Boolean on to allow Samba to use the useradd
# and groupadd family of binaries. Run the following command as the root user to
# turn this Boolean on:
# setsebool -P samba_domain_controller on
#
# Turn the samba_enable_home_dirs Boolean on if you want to share home
# directories via Samba. Run the following command as the root user to turn this
# Boolean on:
# setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs on
#
# If you create a new directory, such as a new top-level directory, label it
# with samba_share_t so that SELinux allows Samba to read and write to it. Do
# not label system directories, such as /etc/ and /home/, with samba_share_t, as
# such directories should already have an SELinux label.
#
# Run the "ls -ldZ /path/to/directory" command to view the current SELinux
# label for a given directory.
#
# Set SELinux labels only on files and directories you have created. Use the
# chcon command to temporarily change a label:
# chcon -t samba_share_t /path/to/directory
#
# Changes made via chcon are lost when the file system is relabeled or commands
# such as restorecon are run.
#
# Use the samba_export_all_ro or samba_export_all_rw Boolean to share system
# directories. To share such directories and only allow read-only permissions:
# setsebool -P samba_export_all_ro on
# To share such directories and allow read and write permissions:
# setsebool -P samba_export_all_rw on
#
# To run scripts (preexec/root prexec/print command/...), copy them to the
# /var/lib/samba/scripts/ directory so that SELinux will allow smbd to run them.
# Note that if you move the scripts to /var/lib/samba/scripts/, they retain
# their existing SELinux labels, which may be labels that SELinux does not allow
# smbd to run. Copying the scripts will result in the correct SELinux labels.
# Run the "restorecon -R -v /var/lib/samba/scripts" command as the root user to
# apply the correct SELinux labels to these files.
#
#--------------
#
#======================= Global Settings =====================================

[global]

# ----------------------- Network-Related Options -------------------------
#
# workgroup = the Windows NT domain name or workgroup name, for example, MYGROUP.
#
# server string = the equivalent of the Windows NT Description field.
#
# netbios name = used to specify a server name that is not tied to the hostname.
#
# interfaces = used to configure Samba to listen on multiple network interfaces.
# If you have multiple interfaces, you can use the "interfaces =" option to
# configure which of those interfaces Samba listens on. Never omit the localhost
# interface (lo).
#
# hosts allow = the hosts allowed to connect. This option can also be used on a
# per-share basis.
#
# hosts deny = the hosts not allowed to connect. This option can also be used on
# a per-share basis.
#
# max protocol = used to define the supported protocol. The default is NT1. You
# can set it to SMB2 if you want experimental SMB2 support.
#
    workgroup = MSHOME
    server string = Samba Server Version %v

;   netbios name = MYSERVER

;   interfaces = lo eth0 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24 10.11.1.152 10.11.1.151 127.0.0.1
;   hosts allow = 127. 192.168.12. 192.168.13. 10.11.1.152 10.11.1.151

;   max protocol = SMB2

# --------------------------- Logging Options -----------------------------
#
# log file = specify where log files are written to and how they are split.
#
# max log size = specify the maximum size log files are allowed to reach. Log
# files are rotated when they reach the size specified with "max log size".
#

    # log files split per-machine:
    log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
    # maximum size of 50KB per log file, then rotate:
    max log size = 50
    debuglevel = 7
# ----------------------- Standalone Server Options ------------------------
#
# security = the mode Samba runs in. This can be set to user, share
# (deprecated), or server (deprecated).
#
# passdb backend = the backend used to store user information in. New
# installations should use either tdbsam or ldapsam. No additional configuration
# is required for tdbsam. The "smbpasswd" utility is available for backwards
# compatibility.
#

    security = user
    passdb backend = tdbsam


# ----------------------- Domain Members Options ------------------------
#
# security = must be set to domain or ads.
#
# passdb backend = the backend used to store user information in. New
# installations should use either tdbsam or ldapsam. No additional configuration
# is required for tdbsam. The "smbpasswd" utility is available for backwards
# compatibility.
#
# realm = only use the realm option when the "security = ads" option is set.
# The realm option specifies the Active Directory realm the Host is a part of.
#
# password server = only use this option when the "security = server"
# option is set, or if you cannot use DNS to locate a Domain Controller. The
# argument list can include My_PDC_Name, [My_BDC_Name], and [My_Next_BDC_Name]:
#
# password server = My_PDC_Name [My_BDC_Name] [My_Next_BDC_Name]
#
# Use "password server = *" to automatically locate Domain Controllers.

;   security = domain
;   passdb backend = tdbsam
;   realm = MY_REALM

;   password server = <NT-Server-Name>

# ----------------------- Domain Controller Options ------------------------
#
# security = must be set to user for domain controllers.
#
# passdb backend = the backend used to store user information in. New
# installations should use either tdbsam or ldapsam. No additional configuration
# is required for tdbsam. The "smbpasswd" utility is available for backwards
# compatibility.
#
# domain master = specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser, allowing
# Samba to collate browse lists between subnets. Do not use the "domain master"
# option if you already have a Windows NT domain controller performing this task.
#
# domain logons = allows Samba to provide a network logon service for Windows
# workstations.
#
# logon script = specifies a script to run at login time on the client. These
# scripts must be provided in a share named NETLOGON.
#
# logon path = specifies (with a UNC path) where user profiles are stored.
#
#
;   security = user
;   passdb backend = tdbsam

;   domain master = yes
;   domain logons = yes

    # the following login script name is determined by the machine name
    # (%m):
;   logon script = %m.bat
    # the following login script name is determined by the UNIX user used:
;   logon script = %u.bat
;   logon path = \\%L\Profiles\%u
    # use an empty path to disable profile support:
;   logon path =

    # various scripts can be used on a domain controller or a stand-alone
    # machine to add or delete corresponding UNIX accounts:

;   add user script = /usr/sbin/useradd "%u" -n -g users
;   add group script = /usr/sbin/groupadd "%g"
;   add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -n -c "Workstation (%u)" -M -d /nohome -s /bin/false "%u"
;   delete user script = /usr/sbin/userdel "%u"
;   delete user from group script = /usr/sbin/userdel "%u" "%g"
;   delete group script = /usr/sbin/groupdel "%g"


# ----------------------- Browser Control Options ----------------------------
#
# local master = when set to no, Samba does not become the master browser on
# your network. When set to yes, normal election rules apply.
#
# os level = determines the precedence the server has in master browser
# elections. The default value should be reasonable.
#
# preferred master = when set to yes, Samba forces a local browser election at
# start up (and gives itself a slightly higher chance of winning the election).
#
;   local master = no
;   os level = 33
;   preferred master = yes

#----------------------------- Name Resolution -------------------------------
#
# This section details the support for the Windows Internet Name Service (WINS).
#
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS server or a WINS client, but not both.
#
# wins support = when set to yes, the NMBD component of Samba enables its WINS
# server.
#
# wins server = tells the NMBD component of Samba to be a WINS client.
#
# wins proxy = when set to yes, Samba answers name resolution queries on behalf
# of a non WINS capable client. For this to work, there must be at least one
# WINS server on the network. The default is no.
#
# dns proxy = when set to yes, Samba attempts to resolve NetBIOS names via DNS
# nslookups.

;   wins support = yes
;   wins server = w.x.y.z
;   wins proxy = yes

;   dns proxy = yes

# --------------------------- Printing Options -----------------------------
#
# The options in this section allow you to configure a non-default printing
# system.
#
# load printers = when set you yes, the list of printers is automatically
# loaded, rather than setting them up individually.
#
# cups options = allows you to pass options to the CUPS library. Setting this
# option to raw, for example, allows you to use drivers on your Windows clients.
#
# printcap name = used to specify an alternative printcap file.
#

    load printers = no
    cups options = raw

;   printcap name = /etc/printcap
    # obtain a list of printers automatically on UNIX System V systems:
;   printcap name = lpstat
;   printing = cups

# --------------------------- File System Options ---------------------------
#
# The options in this section can be un-commented if the file system supports
# extended attributes, and those attributes are enabled (usually via the
# "user_xattr" mount option). These options allow the administrator to specify
# that DOS attributes are stored in extended attributes and also make sure that
# Samba does not change the permission bits.
#
# Note: These options can be used on a per-share basis. Setting them globally
# (in the [global] section) makes them the default for all shares.

;   map archive = no
;   map hidden = no
;   map read only = no
;   map system = no
;   store dos attributes = yes


#============================ Share Definitions ==============================

[homes]
    comment = Home Directories
    browseable = no
    writable = yes
;   valid users = %S
;   valid users = MYDOMAIN\%S

[printers]
    comment = All Printers
    path = /var/spool/samba
    browseable = yes
    guest ok = no
    writable = yes
    printable = yes

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons:
;   [netlogon]
;   comment = Network Logon Service
;   path = /var/lib/samba/netlogon
;   guest ok = yes
;   writable = yes
;   share modes = yes


# Un-comment the following to provide a specific roving profile share.
# The default is to use the user's home directory:
;   [Profiles]
;   path = /var/lib/samba/profiles
;   browseable = yes
;   guest ok = yes

    [MBIAL_STORAGE]
    path = /run/media/MBIAL/MBIAL_STORAGE
    guest ok = yes
    browseable = yes
    writable = yes
    valid_users = MBIAL
    # write list = test
    # valid users = test

問題についての洞察をいただければ幸いです。これが私が見落としている本当に些細で愚かなことであることを願っています！

Answer 1

ポスターの解決策は、LAN Managerの認証レベルを_Send NTLMv2 response only_から_Send LM & NTLM - use NTLMv2 session security if negotiated_に変更することでした。

どうやらSambaはWindowsとのセッションセキュリティネゴシエーションを誤って管理したため、パスワードのアルゴリズムについて合意できませんでした。ポスターがセキュリティ方法を指示すると、物事はうまくいきました。

なぜこれが起こったのかについて-私が思いつくことができる最良の答えは、それがSMBプロトコルのLinuxとWindowsの実装間のいくつかの未知の非互換性によって引き起こされたということです

---

[古い答え]

W7クライアントでこれを試してください：

ローカルグループポリシーエディターで、次の場所に移動します。

ローカルコンピューターポリシー->コンピューター構成-> Windows設定->セキュリティ設定->ローカルポリシー->セキュリティオプション

Microsoft network client: Digitally sign communications (always)という名前のポリシーを見つけます。

これが有効になっている場合は、無効に変更します。ポリシーエディタで[適用]を押すだけでは不十分なため、変更を有効にするには、必ずコンピュータを再起動してください。

補足として、前回Samba共有を外部化したときは、次の設定を使用しました。それらを試してみて、問題が解決した場合は、問題が発生するまで1つずつ変更してください。

_path = /my/share/path
available = yes
browsable = yes
public = yes
read only = no
writable = yes
_